The Help free essay sample

How did individuals use non-verbals to impart their status and characters in The Help? (e. g. : curios utilized by well off/poor, language tones/volume, clothing standards, appearance, ceremonies, and so forth ) The lines among highly contrasting are unmistakably depicted by more than shading in this film. While the socialite white ladies, even on schedule days for ordinary exercises, dress in really squeezed dresses, manicured nails, firmly styled hair, and pleasant adornments (helps me to remember June Cleaver), the servants must wear indistinguishable regalia, have serious hairdos, and practically no gems. Their most noteworthy belonging is the satchel they convey this is by all accounts vital, particularly to Yule Mae when she is captured. The house cleaners are prohibited to talk in organization except if it includes serving or the like and should consistently address white people with â€Å"sir†, â€Å"ma’am†, or â€Å"miss†. The house cleaners must submit to white expert no matter what (inspired by a paranoid fear of employment misfortune or more regrettable) and keep their voices low and quiet so as to dodge pressure or stress. We will compose a custom article test on The Help or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Also, backtalking (verbal and nonverbal) is a culpable offense as observed when Minny utilizes Hilly’s restroom during the tempest. Uneven couldn't think less about Minny’s wellbeing in going outside during the risky tempest, but instead is progressively worried about how â€Å"clean† her latrine remains. There are numerous outward appearances and body poses that pass on status/way of life just as curios. Hilly’s reliably raised jaw and haughty articulation mark her as very grandiose and oneself named pioneer of the socialites. On the other hand, the servants (except for Minny) hold their eyes down, if not their heads, hands to their sides, except if working, and keep up a social separation (more than 4 or 5 feet) from white individuals. Skeeter and Celia are the two white special cases since the two of them acknowledge the dark ladies as equivalents and approach them with deference and benevolence. Could bias and separation be communicated nonverbally? How? Give models from The Help when partiality and segregation was communicated nonverbally. One of the physical ways utilized in this film to communicate preference is the utilization of hand signals by Hilly. She flicks her turn in an upward movement when she arranges Minny to cut a cut of pie for Mrs. Walters. The mischievous outward appearance shows her detest of the dark lady, particularly due to her refusal to comply with a request. There were a few cases when Skeeter was talking with one of the house cleaners and one of the Junior League ladies got her that they mirrored their objection and aversion for so close to home a communication between a white and an individual of color. An agonizing articulation is worn by Aibileen as she is compelled to catch Hilly’s offending discourse about the requirement for isolated restrooms. Not exclusively does the hurt show on Aibileen’s face yet she additionally stows away in the foyer as opposed to must be available during the discussion, as though she ought to be embarrassed about her skin. Another model, this one including white dismissing white, is when Celia appears at Elizabeth’s during the scaffold club lunch meeting. In addition to the fact that they refuse to answer the entryway make an indifferent endeavor to avoid her when she goes to the window. They are laughing, covering their mouths with their fingers (as though this is an amazing joke or gracious, so adorable), and you can catch impolite comments about her franticness and clear absence of social behavior. One final model was in the market toward the finish of the film. Aibileen and Minny are shopping, strolling down the walkway one next to the other with their trucks. Be that as it may, when a white lady approaches Aibileen it is clarified that she is to clear out and let the white lady pass, which she does with a regretful look and hanging of her head (as though she were embarrassed for having been in the manner). Give me a case of somebody in The Help whose nonverbal conduct was annoying, deriding, or disparaging to other people. Which character was not annoying or disparaging to other people? Clarify. There are a bigger number of varieties of bias in this film than just between races. One of the excruciating minutes, in any event for me, was when Celia Foote appears, excluded, to the extension club lunch meeting at Elizabeths house. Pie close by, she is wanting to make companions lastly be remembered for the group of friends of Jackson. In any case, at Hilly’s asking, the whole gathering â€Å"hides† and is â€Å"shushed† in a poor endeavor to avoid Celia, who is viewed as an untouchable in light of where she originated from and how she grew up (poor). Celia’s face, when she understands what's going on, is excruciating to see and as she comes up out of the blossom bed, her short endeavor to be bold breaks up into tears. I accept where Celia originated from and how she grew up gives her a more noteworthy sympathy and comprehension of the maids’ lives. She appears to be uncorrupt in her acknowledgment of them and is oblivious of â€Å"proper social etiquette†. She just accepts them as they seem to be, regards them as individuals and individual ladies, and offers care and fondness liberally. She is additionally liberal concerning Hilly’s conduct and attempts to reveal a kinder insight into why there is strife between them, considerably after the lunch meeting catastrophe. Have you at any point made a prejudgement about somebody in view of their nonverbals? Assuming this is the case, give a model. Any individual who says they have never prejudged someone else is lying. It is, lamentably, in our inclination to pass judgment on others, particularly when we think we are better than they are. More often than not we are incorrect, be that as it may, once in for a little while, we hit the nail on the head. I was employed at The Home Depot in Kansas quite a while prior as a clerk. Not long after I completed my preparation and was put on the register another lady, about my age, came out of preparing and went along with me in advance. She, similar to me, was a social butterfly and appeared to be upbeat and benevolent, urging confidences out of us all. Especially me, since we shared (or possibly I figured we did) a typical confidence. It wasn’t until later that I discovered she was not just undermining a spouse and utilizing a beau with the expectation of complimentary sanctuary and food, she was additionally a liar and a traitor. She had been telling others things we had partaken in certainty, with a little frivolity for good measure. My slip-up was giving her acknowledgment for being a decent individual due to her spotless appearance, she was fashionable and embellished, she had a spirited grin and bubbly chuckling, and appeared to be so open with her life and convictions. She established these nonverbals with decrees of earnestness and Christian qualities. I endured some extremely humiliating minutes over my misinterpretation. Have you at any point had a negative nonverbal encounter? Enlighten me concerning it. It was Wednesday ensemble practice and I was sitting with the director’s spouse on the first line trusting that practice will start. Her significant other was in front of an audience orchestrating his music and making casual banter with us. I reacted to one of his jokes with a â€Å"cute†, and I however amusing, jest of my own. I discovered quickly that she didn’t value my remark and saw it as a â€Å"territorial dispute† (him being the domain! at the point when she trampled my foot with extraordinary power (I limped for a few days) and snarled in my face, â€Å"He’s mine! † I was dazed and I’m sure it enlisted all over. Notwithstanding, she was unashamed and stormed off. I was embarrassed since we were by all account not the only individuals in the assembly hall. Plainly, she imp arted her outrage, hatred, sicken, and an implicit danger to keep my hands off her property (since I didn’t like him, my idea was she’d be the only one who’d have him in any case). Clarify the distinctions in the use of closeness between the two societies in the film. While the white socialites watched white standards of room (embracing, sitting close, contacting, and so forth, however it is hardened and aloof) the blacks were not permitted to connect with white individuals along these lines. There was a social separation kept up, except if youngsters were included. The house keepers would stand a separation of more than 4 or 5 feet from white individuals and hold back to be told. It was fairly clever to me that the white ladies didn’t need the house cleaners to contact their utensils, cups, dishes, skin, toilets, and so on ut were altogether content with them cooking (dealing with food), washing (the garments contacted by blacks at that point contacted their bodies), and mothering the kids. In any event, when Skeeter goes to Aibileen’s own home, Aibileen makes some troublesome memories sitting in Skeeter’s nearness (she at long last winds up sitting on the arm of a seat, the furthest spot away from Skeeter) and, for a period, keeps on going about as though she’s looking out for the white lady. As we see the personal occasions in Aibie’s house between she, Skeeter, and Minny, it turns out to be certain that the individuals of color share space considerably more than whites do. They contact each other, embrace solidly (instead of a light, insignificant grasp), chuckle uproariously, and have substantially more energy in life than their white bosses. Characterize culture stun. The kinships made between Skeeter, Aibileen, and Minny defied cultural norms during the 1960’s in Mississippi. How did individuals respond when the mystery companionships were uncovered? Did individuals experience culture stun? Clarify. Culture stun is the inclination of confusion experienced by somebody who is out of nowhere exposed to a new culture, lifestyle, or set of mentalities. There was a mayhem, socially, about Skeeter’s relationship with the two house keepers. Individuals were frustrated that she would corrupt herself, her family, and her race along these lines (by hobnobbing with â€Å"the enemy†). Be that as it may, as individuals read the book, I accept they were confronted with the decision of what to do w

The world has become increasingly more militarized Essay

The world has gotten progressively increasingly mobilized - Essay Example 32). The consistently rising military uses on the war against psychological warfare gatherings, for example, Al-Qaeda and Hezbollah has prompted numerous partners, for example, researchers, financial specialists, ambassadors, human rights gatherings and global associations to scrutinize the method of reasoning, causes, suggestions and results of these uses on the world (Ricolfi, 2005, P. 129). Albeit expanded military uses on renegade and dread gatherings has been apparent since authentic occasions, the development of the present patterns of rising military consumptions in hostile to psychological warfare campaigns could be followed to the 9/11/2001 fear assaults on the United Stated of America’s Twin Towers. It is after these Al-Qaeda engineered assaults on the United States that the possibility of ‘Global War on Terror (GWOT) got unmistakable (Wright, 2006, P. 159). Since these and later assaults on U.S interests somewhere else on the planet, military uses on the war a gainst fear based oppression have been exponentially expanding (Lustick, 2006, P. 217). The GWOT activity has been especially powerful in forming military spending patterns, with a detailed yearly increment of 5% somewhere in the range of 2001 and 2006 (Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses, 2008, P. 271). Actually, in the six years going before the Al-Qaeda engineered assaults in New York, a yearly increment of 0.4% on military going through had been accounted for with the United States has being distinguished to represent about a large portion of the military uses against psychological warfare in the whole world (Sturr, 2006, P. 97). For example, for the United States along, there was a revealed 53% expansion in fear mongering related military consumptions in the five years going before the 9/11 assaults by Al-Qaeda (Ranstorp, 2009, P. 119). Indeed, as indicated by the Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses, the US Congressional Budget Office (CBO) approximates that depen dent on the size of troops conveyed in operational regions, the all out expense of GWOT is probably going to reach between $1.2 trillion and $1.17 trillion by 2017 (Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses, 2008, P. 89).This paper consequently investigates the attestation that the expanded military spending on the war against terro

Empathize Imagine Losing an Ability

Empathize Imagine Losing an Ability FutureFit GR GG ? Use this colorful printable to help your students reflect on the loss of an ability, and how it would affect their everyday life. Perfect for use in a special education or integrated classroom, this worksheet can be used as a homework handout, an in-class activity, or as a prompt for a broader creative writing activity or group discussion. This printable is provided courtesy of MakeBeliefsComix.com, an online resource for classroom materials for social-emotional learning, character education, gifted and talented learners, and special education. MakeBeliefsComix.com features an interactive comic strip creation tool and more than 500 printables in categories ranging from About You to Wishes and Hopes. This worksheet includes several FutureFit Extension Activities that highlight 21st Century skills like critical thinking, service mentality, and creativity. These FutureFit Extension Activities are designed to reinforce the concepts included in the worksheet activity while integrating real-world skills. They can be used as in-class independent practice or group activities, or assigned for take-home or independent work. FutureFit Extension Activities Get Real (10-15 minutes, LEGO pieces, timers): Working in pairs, give students 5-6 similarly shaped LEGO pieces but in different sizes. Ask them to time each other putting the pieces in order from largest to smallest. Then, ask them to do the same activity without looking (they can do it behind their backs, under a box lid or inside an empty desk). When they are finished, have them write a short answer essay on the challenges they faced during the activity. Get Going (10-15 minutes): Lead the students through a role-playing experience to practice the correct way to help people with visual impairments using the “Sensitivity to Physical Impairments through Role Play” printable.

Effects of Video Games on Childrens Behavior - 1744 Words

An analysis about the effects of video games on children behavior Effect of Video Games on Children’s Behavior Introduction Social scientists have been examining the effect that video games have on behavior. From the introduction of video games in the 1980s, there have been numerous research studies to this effect (Andersen Taylor, 2008). The issue has become even more significant in the modern context because these video games have become bloodier and more realistic than ever before. Even though boys play these games more than girls in America, the consumption of video games has generally been high. Carey (2013) indicates that 32% of these gamers are below the age of 18. Therefore, it would be crucial to evaluate the effects†¦show more content†¦Frustrating nonviolent video games indirectly induce aggressive cognitions by linking thoughts and feelings. Such games also increase arousal but it is violent games that directly cause the emergence of aggressive thoughts, stimulating long term development of structures associated with aggressive knowledge. Carey (2013) gives perfect examples of video games causing aggressive behaviors in children. According to the reporter, the young men responsible for opening fire at Columbine High School and even those that opened fire at the Auorora, Colo movie theatre as was in the news were all found to be video gamers who were deemed to be acting out of some digital fantasy. The exposure to computer games gave the idea for them to go on rampage or at least aroused the urge for such acts. It would therefore be appreciated that computer games, also a form of video games, caused an arousal of aggressive behavior in the perpetrators. This makes it easy to appreciate that video games, specifically those involving violence, trigger aggressive behaviors. On the other hand, video gaming promotes pro-social behavior and positive behavior. Avid gamers exhibit improved reflexes, healthier brains and better cognitive skills. It causes the regions of the brain in charge of memory function, strategic planning and spatial orientation to increase. Being a pervasive activity, it promotes numerous motor andShow MoreRelatedVideo Games And Its Effects On Children927 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are a more interesting form of entertainment for the simple reason that players may become part of the game’s plot. Video games were invented for many years now. However, the current variety of games raised concerns about how they affect the children s behavior due to the fact that the games are becoming more sophisticated. Children spend most of their free time playing video games. Sometimes children refrain from completing important duties and dedicate all of their time playing videoRead MorePositive Effects Of Violent Video Games1161 Words à ‚  |  5 PagesViolent video games have been a popular pass time for American teenagers ever since the first ones were released. The most popular of these games are Grand Theft Auto, Call of Duty, Mortal Kombat, and Doom. It has become a popular belief that these games are directly linked to violent behaviors in our youth. Numerous scholars have set out to determine the validity of these assumptions through vast surveys and studies in America. All of these scholars share the belief that violent video games affectRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children s Behavior1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of violent video games on children’s behavior has been the major concern of numerous researchers over the last several decades. Indeed, a great number of researches conducted by psychologists show that regular exposure to violent video games has both long-term and short-term negative effects on a player’s behavior. Aggressiveness and lack of empathy are c onsidered to be two main outcomes of constant playing games with violent content. However, it should be noted that the content is notRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Video Games Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games began in the late 1960s. It is highly interactive but also a distinct simulation of the real world and the world of thinking. In recent years, Video games have been gaining its popularity at an amazing rate and have developed into a common form of entertainment in peoples lives. 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In hindsightRead MoreVideo Game Technologys Negative Effects on the Next Generation893 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Game Technologys Negative Effects on the Next Generation Video Games made their first appearance in the 1970’s however did not develop popularity until the 1980’s. By the end of that decade, video games had become a preferred childhood leisure activity; psychologists urged many with the concerns of the ill effects of video games. â€Å" Even The military has long been aware of some of the side effects of video games†¦ Some of the best fighter pilots in the world grew up playing these gamesRead MoreVideo Game Effects On Childrens Development930 Words   |  4 PagesVIDEO GAME EFFECTS ON CHILDRENS DEVELOPMENT It is believed the average gamer usually ages 13 and up spends up to 6.3 hours a day playing video games. That is an alarming rate, which concerns both the public and scientist. Through out this paper three different articles will be analyzed and their view on the impact of video games on children’s and adolescents. The first article to be discussed is â€Å"Prospective Investigation of Video Game Use in Children and Subsequent Conduct Disorder and DepressionRead MoreVideo Games Violence664 Words   |  3 Pages104 August 11, 2013 Video Games and Violence Video games and violence have different effects on children according to the type of video games that is being watched It is important to understand the world of video games. All video games do not prevent violence in children. Parents should take into consideration in monitoring their child while choosing video games. Depending on the video game that is chosen, does not mean the child will result in violent behavior later on in life. ThereRead MoreViolent Video Games : Positive And Negative Effects On Children And Adolescents774 Words   |  4 Pagessystems, violent video games have become well-liked by children and adolescents. The playing of violent video games has always been a controversial topic, but in recent years it has become a heated debate. Whether the playing of these games desensitize the player or not. Video games have been around since the late 1970s, however violent video games were introduced in the 1990s. In recent years the violence in games have increased along with the enhanced graphics making the games more realistic. ViolentRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1610 Words   |  6 PagesMany participants also suggested that the games caused the children to have strong imaginations, while a few disagreed. 61.0% said that electronic games did not cause the children to lack good behavior. 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Laughter Is A Part Of The Envious Human Experience

Laughter is a part of the envious human experience we as beings have. It is undoubtedly one of the things that make living worthwhile. In fact, according to Matthew Hurley and his fellow associates, â€Å"a large portion, in any case, of people’s time is spent attempting to get each other to laugh† (Hurley, Dennett, and Adams Jr.). Laughing has a way of offering relaxation like nothing else does. It has the power to unconsciously change any situation into a good one just as soon as it starts. It definitely has the potential to take over you and there are millions of reasons to laugh. Every laugh is as unique as the individual displaying it, yet the possible benefits remain the same. The effects of laughter has been studied time and time again†¦show more content†¦Although it does not seem as credible, King Solomon, Plato, the ancient greek physicians, and others of great influence all took an interest in what seemed to be an obscure and preposterous idea in the years to come. Not to mention, studies and history both has proven that laughter has risen through mockery in the medical setting, in terms of health and prevention, more than enough times to grab the attention of the medical world permanently. Just as an apple a day will keep the doctor away, laughing for awhile will grant you more days with a smile. Laughter has the ability to give our immune system a much needed boost allowing it to continue fighting off infections and sickness. When we laugh, we send an ok signal that triggers an increase in disease fighting antibodies. This benefits immune function regulation cells, as well as, special cells with the task of seeking out and destroying viral and tumor cells. Neuropeptides and T cells that help fight off infections are also given a boost (Laughter is No Joke!). Laughter may even compare to a proper diet and exercise when it comes to keeping you healthy and disease free. That’s according to Dr. Lee Berk, who has spent nearly three decades studying the ways the aftershocks of a good laugh ripple through your brain and body (Heid). Have you ever been in pain

Critically assess psychological theories of fascism. Free Essays

string(80) " that fascism is a psychology also entails that it has a psychology of its own\." Introduction According to the Oxford dictionary, Fascism is â€Å"an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. In general use extreme right-wing, authoritarian, or intolerant views or practices: this is yet another example of health fascism in action. The term Fascism was first used of the totalitarian right-wing nationalist regime of Mussolini in Italy (1922–43); the regimes of the Nazis in Germany and Franco in Spain. We will write a custom essay sample on Critically assess psychological theories of fascism. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fascism tends to include a belief in the supremacy of one national or ethnic group, a contempt for democracy, an insistence on obedience to a powerful leader, and a strong demagogic approach†. Geoffrey Gorer (1935:199) noted in 1935: â€Å"Mr Wells thinks that he hates fascism; he is horror-struck as any liberal at its brutality, its barbarism, its philistinism, its illogicality and its narrow nationalism; but he puts all the blame on the last quality; if it was only international, it wouldn’t really be so bad†. It is clear from Gorer’s satire that even as early as 1935, to understand Fascism only as a negative thought process, was rejected and intellectuals started taking a kinder view of the movement (if it could be called thus?). Many started analysing and assessing its psychological theories, which, precisely, we will endeavour to do in the following essay. Though a critical assessment of these theories is expected, it would suffice to say that a positive view regarding Fascism at the onset will serve our purpose sufficiently, for the ideology has already been seen in a very bad light for the repercussions that it entailed and the miseries the wor ld had to face, in the light of a consolidated fascistic onslaught during the world war II. However, what we shall try and understand is the modern view that Fascistic tendencies have existed in all ages and in all humans universally, and that they found an explosive eruption during an unfortunate period and consequently a set of nations and people had to bear the brunt of being blamed for it. Universality of Fascist psychology So, this understanding of Fascism has now come a long way from the understanding of it as purely a political/mass movement. It was believed that the fascist party â€Å"introduced† fascism by force or by â€Å"political man oeuvre†. Contrary to this, Reich (1946:6) says that his medical experience with individuals from all kinds of social strata, races, nationalities and religions shows that â€Å"fascism† is the only politically organized expression of the average human character structure. Furthermore, it is a character structure which has nothing to do with race, nation or party but which is general and international. In this characterological sense, â€Å"fascism† is the basic emotional attitude of a man in authoritarian society, with its machine civilization and its mechanistic-mystical view of life. It is the mechanistic-mystical character of man in our times which creates fascist parties and not vice versa.† Fascism according to modern sociologists and psychologists, therefore, is not a purely reactionary movement; rather it is a mixture of rebellious emotions and reactionary social ideas. Now if this is true, then we cannot limit fascism specifically to a national character of Germany or Japan. If understood as a mixture of rebellious emotions and reactionary social ideas, it can be considered an international phenomenon, which permeates all organizations of human society in all nations. This means that there could be German, Italian, Spanish, Anglo-Saxon, Jewish and Arabian fascism (Riech, 1946:7) Basis of Fascistic psychology In its pure form, Fascism is the sum total of all irrational reactions of the average human character. Its origins are from the basic human tendencies. In Freudian explanation of the unconscious, the superficial layer in the nature of an average individual consists of that of conscientiousness and compassion. This superficial layer is similar to the biological core of human nature which too is co-operative and love based. But unfortunately, the superficial layer and the biological core are separated from each other by an intermediary layer which makes an individual cruel and sadistic. This intermediary layer is also known as â€Å"secondary impulses† or the unconscious, the anti-social structure in human structure which is the secondary result of the repression of primary biological impulses. As the contact between the â€Å"superficial layer† and the â€Å"biological core† is hard to obtain, what makes appearance is the perverse antisocial layer of the character (viii). Since irrational part of the human nature becomes prominent, both the other layers become subservient to the subversive, irrational tendencies, thus giving birth to prejudices. All prejudices show their origin from irrational part of human character whether they be race prejudices, national prejudices, ethnic prejudices or even, violence. Since Fascism is an emotional outburst whether it be against intolerable social conditions or depravity of any sort, it cannot be understood solely as a political phenomenon. It is a human phenomenon, a psychological-human- phenomena which cannot be tied to a boundary of nationality or race, but that which is universal, pervading the entire world, across all nationalities. And this is very clear from the history of the 20th century that no society has remained untouched from violence or irrational behaviour. In addition, irrational behaviour has played a vital role in human history and has achieved results which have not always been negative. If negative at all, we cannot make fascism harmless if we only look for it in Americans or Germans and we do not look for it in oneself and the social institutions which hatch him ev ery day (Reich:7). He argues (p.11) Hitlerism is not confined to Germany; it penetrates worker’s organizations and all kinds of liberal and democratic circles. Fascism is not a political party, but a specific Weltanschuung and a specific attitude toward people, toward love and work. So this proves that fascism more than being a political, subversive movement is a part of human psychology, which though a maligned movement has positive elements too. We shall now analyze Fascistic psychology in relation to its aesthetics, people, and work. Fascist aesthetics The fact that fascism is a psychology also entails that it has a psychology of its own. You read "Critically assess psychological theories of fascism." in category "Essay examples" This psychology of Fascism can be unearthed by understanding its aesthetics. Alan Tansman in (Fall 2008:144-153), analysing Japanese Fascist prose says, â€Å"†¦so captivated, we can still seek to trace the fascist moment by paying attention to form not primarily as embodiments of concepts that need elucidation (though they need that too), but rather as patterns of fascistic feelings that require feelings and unravelling. To trace the movement of fascist aesthetics within or across works would mean to follow it as a style of thought and representation, a style embodied in forms that leave their content behind and have in Henri Focillon’s (1992: 69) words, â€Å"a mobile life in a changing world†. Similarly Starbinski, (1989:116-21), praising another Japanese Yasuda’s work says, â€Å"The uncomfortable truth that Yasuda’s work was more than mere dangerous incitement, but was also powerful poetry, reminds us that even after we account for the political implications of his language there remains a formal quality that resists both being analysed critically and used politically† . The undeniable aesthetics of the Fascists was similarly emphasized by Tansman ( 2008:146) saying, â€Å"this allows us to see in action Kobayashi’s aesthetics, his evocation of â€Å" fascist moments† that attempted to shut down his reader’s critical intelligence and make self-abnegation, sacrifice and violence feel alluringly beautiful†. These examples of the readings of Japanese fascistic writers reveals that in spite of the fact that these writers were following an agenda, there still remains a subtle aesthetic beauty to be unearthed, understood and appreciated. And this again proves our initial assertion that tendencies of fascistic psychology have been present at all times as we find the same crisis with general literary men too. Fascistic psychology towards people Franklin D. Roosevelt said â€Å"The first truth is that the liberty of a democracy is not safe if the people tolerate the growth of private power to a point where it becomes stronger than their democratic state itself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Henry Wallace too said â€Å"Still another danger is represented by those who, paying lip service to democracy and the common welfare, in their insatiable greed for money and the power which money gives, do not hesitate surreptitiously to evade the laws designed to safeguard the public from monopolistic extortion. Their final objective toward which all their deceit is directed is to capture political power so that, using the power of the state and the power of the market simultaneously, they may keep the common man in eternal subjection. They claim to be super-patriots, but they would destroy every liberty guaranteed by the Constitution. They are patriotic in time of war because it is to their interest to be so, but in time of peace they follow power and the dollar, wherever that may lead.† This sort of disillusionment caused by democracy sought being redressed by Fascism. Fascism became popular because it could do what liberalism and socialism did not succeed in doing. People have the need to belong to something greater, something superior than themselves. During crisis, the common people crave for unity and purpose of life and this in turn causes them to seek strength and guidance. Fascism provided that. Fascist psychology is the mentality of the subjugate â€Å"little man† who craves authority and he is both a ‘revolutionary’ who believes in rational rebellion against intolerable social conditions and a ‘radical’ for he believes in going to the root’. With this aspect in view, we could say that Fascism brought the inferiority instincts of the suppressed human to the core and created an emotional crisis in which the aspirations of common people started being given the due importance. Fascistic psychology towards work Fascism was a wave which brought extreme nationalism into vogue and had national pride and development at its core. The fascists in Italy and Germany wanted to see their countries as super-powers. Therefore the work ethics as outlined by Fascists was hard work. As Corradini tells us that for Italy to become an economic power â€Å"what was required was a marshalling, rationalization, and disciplining of human and natural resources to the tasks such a process would inevitably entail. Sacrifice and discipline were advocated as cardinal virtues for a nation of â€Å"producers† (1924:214-29). National pride in nation building was the mantra. And though being blatantly anti-modern, Mussolini piloting his own aircraft and tooling the Italian hills in his red sports car were public displays of this modernizing temper. The public policies of introducing the work ethic among civil servants, of insistence that the trains run on time, and plans for the development of a modern road syste m were the first overt indications of the character of Fascism’s modernizing disposition (Gregor, 1974:370-384). This work ethic of disciplining and progress according to Volpe (1928) gave a â€Å"massive impulse† to economic development. It was this work ethic in which pauperized masses of workers developed a sharp consciousness of their social situation, and also developed a will to eliminate their social misery. As Reich (1946:16) says, â€Å"It was exactly the pauperized masses who carried Fascism, the ultimate in political reaction, to power†. Here, it would not be impertinent to discuss the Fascistic attitude towards Modernization too. Though generally believed to be anti-modernistic in its approach, in hearkening back to pre-modern ideals and recreating a utopian â€Å"ancient Rome†, Fascism had undeniable modernistic tendencies. Turner (1972:548) conceives of modernization as being a complex process â€Å"involving industrialization, urbanization, secularization, and rationalization†. These elements which form the crux of what we try to ascertain as modern, though Modernity in itself is a vague and ambiguous term. However, if these markers enlisted by Turner form the base of being modern, then by that standard, fascists were near moderns. The principal constituents that entered into the coalition that became Fascism-Futurism, Italian Nationalism and Revolutionary National Syndicalism, seem to have all been clearly modernizing in intention (Gregor, 1974:373). All of this conjoined with the Fascist program s of urban redevelopment and expansion made Rome, Milan, Turin, and Genoa heavily populated modern industrial and commercial centres. This suggests that Fascism could hardly be conceived as a â€Å"utopian anti-modernism† in intention (Gregor, 1974:377). Maddison (1964) points out that in 1938, using 1913 as a base, the index of aggregate volume of output of Italy had risen to 153.8 compared more than favourably with that of France (109.4), and Germany (149.9). Again using 1913 as a base, the aggregate index for output per man in 1938 stood at 145.2 for Italy, 136.5 for France, 122.4 for Germany, 143.6 for United Kingdom, and 136.0 for the United States. This proves that the Fascist work culture had borne productive fruits and that in spite of the fact that they declared themselves to be anti-Modernism, Fascists were inclined totally towards industrialization, one of the most important and universally accepted tenets of the modernization process. This evaluation of the psychology of the Fascists on a human, personal and socio-economic level leads us to the belief that there was not much wrong with the aggressive policies pursued by the fascists. The problem arose with the execution of those policies and their repercussions thereafter. The only thing that the writer has tried to prove in this paper is that Fascistic tendencies were not something new that had descended suddenly upon the earth, but that they are latent forces locked in all individuals and ages as History has shown. Therefore, to label a set of countries or people as fascists is not warranted. We all are fascists in some way or the other and the need of the hour is to control this fascism in each of us for the furtherance of a more beneficial and humane human psychology. Bibliography: 1) Reich, Wilhelm. (1946:6) The mass psychology of Fascism: Orgone Institute Press 2) Tansman, Alan. Reading Fascism’s Form. Representations, vol 104. No1 (Fall2008), pp.144-153 3) Focillon, Henri. (1992:69) The life of Forms in Art :New York. 4) Starobinski, Jean.(1989:116-21) â€Å"The Critical Relation† in The Living Eye, trans.Arthur Gothammer, Cambridge, 1989. 5) Gorer, Geoffrey. (1935.199) Nobody Talks Politics: A Satire with an Appendix on our Political Intelligentsia : London. 6) Corradini, Enrico. (1924:214-29) â€Å"Nationalismo e socialism†, in Discorsi Politici, Florence. 7) Gregor, James. ( April,1974:370-384) Fascism and Modernization .World Politics, vol.26. No.3. 8) Volpe. (1928). Lo sviluppo storico del fascism , Rome. 9) Turner, Henry, Jr., ( July,1972:547-64) â€Å"Fascism and Modernization†, World Politics, XXIV 10) Maddison, Angus.(1964) Economic Growth in the West. New York. Appendices A, E, H, I. How to cite Critically assess psychological theories of fascism., Essay examples

writing prompt 20 Essays (663 words) - Airport, Public Transport

Siddarth Luthra Characters: 3,610 Essay for December 9th Whether its planning an agenda for the rest of your day or planning out the construction for a building, planning is an important part of life. Planning helps people get something done on time and usually helps people stay on task. I am the designer of an airport and I need to decide how many runways my airport is supposed to contain. According to my supervisors the airport can handle a total of 50 takeoffs and landings at most. Additionally, during peak hours the number of landings is 50% more than the number of takeoffs and vice versa. Also, the runways must be long and a takeoff can occur from the middle of the run away, a landing can occur from the end to the middle of the runway. The time between consecutive landings must be six minutes and the time between consecutive takeoffs must be four minutes. To solve this "runway problem" I strived to find the number of takeoffs and landings that can occur at peak hours. Since, there can be 50 takeoffs and landings total at a peak hour and either the takeoffs or landings have to be 50% more than one or the other, I started to find combinations of numbers that add up to 50. When going through different combinations of numbers, I also looked for numbers that followed the rule of 50% more takeoffs than landings or vice versa. I then concluded that 20 landings or takeoffs and 30 landings and takeoffs was the right answer. This is because 30 is equal to 20 plus 50% of 20. Once I found how many landings and takeoffs can occur in a peak hour, I then decided to solve for how many runways are needed for 20 landings and 30 takeoffs. I realized the takeoffs and landings can occur on the same runway at the same time. Using the restraint given from my supervisors about there being six minutes in between every landing and four minutes between every takeoff, I multiplied the number of times between each event by the number of events I came up with in a peak hour. This was 20 landings times six minutes which equals 120 minutes of landings that had to be done in a peak hour. Also, I had to multiply 30 takeoffs with four minutes which also equals 120 minutes of takeoffs. Since an hour is 60 minutes and 120 minutes divided by two runways is 60 minutes, we need at least two runways. Since the number of runways was solved for 20 landings and 30 takeoffs per runway, the number of runways was also needed to be solved for the vice versa peak hours, where there would be 30 takeoffs and 20 landings. I multiplied the 30 landings with six minutes and got 180 minutes of landings in the hour minutes and the 20 takeoffs with four minutes and got 80 minutes of takeoffs in the hour. Since there are more landings there should be more runways for the landings which can also handle the 80 minutes of takeoffs easily. To get to 60 minutes I divided the 180 minutes of landings by three runways and got 60 minutes. Therefore, there should be three runways. I believe that my plan will work because there will be more than enough runways with peak hours when there will be 20 landings and 30 takeoffs per runway. Additionally, there will be enough runways for exactly 180 minutes ofclandings during peak hours with 30 landings and 20 takeoffs per runway. Assuming that usually there will be no technical difficulties this plan will most definitely work. This plan may also work with a few difficulties because there is extra time and runways for certain peak hours and certain events especially the takeoffs. During peak hours where there will be 20 landings and 30 takeoffs per runway there will be an extra runway for difficulties when problems occur.

Role of a Mental Health Nurse Essay Example

Role of a Mental Health Nurse Essay Example Role of a Mental Health Nurse Essay Role of a Mental Health Nurse Essay What is the role of a mental health nurse? As a student in mental health nurse, I can link my experience to the following articles. The first article is modeling and remodeling theory by Helen Erickson. According to the nursing theory by Helen Erickson (modeling and role-modeling theory), it has helped me in defining the career as well understanding what is required as a mental health nurse (Walsh, K. Vandenbosch T., Boehm S. 1989). From the theory, as a nurse, you should care and nurture every patient being aware that, respecting individual patients uniqueness is what keeps the career moving. Throughout my experience, I have been able to apply the aspects coined by Helen. The second article addresses the theory of health promotion model by Nola Pender which states that Health is a positive dynamic state rather than simply the absence of disease (Thibeault, R., Hebert, M. 2007). The understanding of these theories helped me in my experience to develop a personal understanding of the importance of being positive to the caree r, giving the best services for one primary goal which is recovery from a disorder or illness. Role of a mental health nurse practitioner Another article that I can link with my experience is a review of transcultural nursing theory by Madeliene Leininger. The understanding of this theory has greatly influenced my interaction with people during my experience. The understanding of this theory also helped me understand different cultures and applied the understanding to my experience (Gustafson D., 2005). The role of this paper was to illustrate my experiences as a mental health student nurse regarding the application of nursing theories. Also, from the understanding of these theories how I applied my understanding to be able to practice as a student nurse. The question I would like answered concerning the role of a medical health nurse is; how do they apply their experience to address the multidisciplinary treatment of mental disorders having in mind that mental health treatment involves different specialist? References Gustafson D., L. (2005). Transcultural nursing theory from a critical cultural perspective. ANS. Advances in Nursing Science. 28. Thibeault, R., Hebert, M. (2007). A congruent model for health promotion in occupational therapy. Occupational Therapy International. 4, 271-293. Walsh, K. Vandenbosch T., M, Boehm S. (2009). Modelling and role-modelling: integrating nursing theory into practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 14, 755-61

How Presidents Have Used Their Power To Pardon

How Presidents Have Used Their Power To Pardon The President derives the power of pardon from Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, which gives the president power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. A reprieve reduces the severity of a punishment, but the person remains guilty. A pardon removes both punishment and guilt, which is why pardons are more likely to be controversial. The process for obtaining a pardons begins with an application to the Department of Justice Office of the Pardon Attorney. The DOJ consults with other lawyers and judges for recommendations; the FBI runs a check on the applicant. After winnowing the applicants, the DOJ provides a list of recommendations to the office of the White House Counsel. Historical Pardons Historically, Presidents used the power to pardon to heal rifts in the national psyche. As President Bush said on 24 December 1982, When earlier wars have ended, Presidents have historically used their power to pardon to put bitterness behind us and look to the future. For example, George Washington pardoned leaders of the Whiskey Rebellion; James Madison pardoned Lafittes pirates after the War of 1812; Andrew Johnson pardoned Confederate soldiers after the Civil War; Harry Truman pardoned those who violated World War II Selective Service laws; and Jimmy Carter pardoned Vietnam War draft dodgers. The modern-day pardon, however, has taken a decidedly more political turn. And it may help its recipient find a job and regain the right to vote. Nixon In modern history, the most controversial pardon is probably the 1974 pardon of former President Richard Nixon, issued by President Gerald Ford. Ford assumed the presidency on 9 August 1974, the day after President Nixon resigned over Watergate, pending impeachment. Ford pardoned Nixon on 8 September 1974. Although Carter made a campaign issue of the Nixon pardon, in retrospect Fords action was brave (it was political suicide) and helped a divided nation begin to heal. Iran-Contra On 24 December 1992, President George Bush pardoned six Reagan administration officials involved in the Iran-Contra Affair: Elliott Abrams, Duane R. Clarridge, Alan Fiers, Clair George, National Security Adviser Robert C. Bud McFarlane and Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger. He compared their actions to those pardoned by Madison, Johnson, Truman and Carter: In many cases, the offenses pardoned by these Presidents were at least as serious as those I am pardoning today. Independent Counsel Lawrence E. Walsh was appointed in December 1986 to investigate the Iran/Contra affair; subsequently, Walsh brought charges against 14 people. Eleven were convicted; two convictions were overturned on appeal. Two were pardoned before trial, and one case was dismissed when the Bush Administration declined to declassify information necessary for trial.President Bush pardoned six Iran/Contra participants on 24 December 1992. Post-Trial Pardons Elliott Abrams   Pleaded guilty October 7, 1991, to two misdemeanor charges of withholding information from Congress about secret government efforts to support the Nicaraguan contra rebels during a ban on such aid. He was sentenced on November 15, 1991 to two years probation and 100 hours community service. The second President Bush appointed Abrams as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director on the National Security Council for Near East and North African Affairs. Alan D. Fiers, Jr.   Pleaded guilty July 9, 1991, to two misdemeanor counts of withholding information from Congress about secret efforts to aid the Nicaraguan contras. He was sentenced on January 31, 1992 to one year probation and 100 hours community service. Pardoned. Clair E. George   Indicted September 6, 1991, on 10 counts of perjury, false statements and obstruction in connection with congressional and Grand Jury investigations. Georges trial on nine counts ended in a mistrial on August 26, 1992. Following a second trial on seven counts, George was found guilty December 9, 1992, of two felony charges of false statements and perjury before Congress. His sentencing hearing was February 18, 1993. Pardoned before sentencing occurred. Robert C. McFarlane   Pleaded guilty March 11, 1988, to four misdemeanor counts of withholding information from Congress. He was sentenced on March 3, 1989, to two years probation, $20,000 in fines and 200 hours community service. Pardoned. Pre-trial Pardons Duane R. Clarridge   Indicted November 26, 1991, on seven counts of perjury and false statements about a secret shipment of U.S. HAWK missiles to Iran. The maximum penalty for each count was five years in prison and $250,000 in fines. Trial date set for March 15, 1993. Pardoned. Caspar W. Weinberger   Indicted June 16, 1992, on five counts of obstruction, perjury and false statements in connection with congressional and Independent Counsel investigations of Iran/ contra. On September 29, the obstruction count was dismissed. On October 30, a second indictment was issued, charging one false statement count. The second indictment was dismissed December 11, leaving four counts remaining. The maximum penalty for each count was five years in prison and $250,000 in fines. Trial date set for January 5, 1993, trial date. Pardoned. Dismissal Joseph F. Fernandez   Indicted June 20, 1988 on five counts of conspiracy to defraud the United States, obstructing the inquiry of the Tower Commission and making false statements to government agencies. The case was dismissed in the District of Columbia for venue reasons on the motion of Independent Counsel. A four-count indictment was issued in the Eastern District of Virginia on April 24, 1989. The four-count case was dismissed November 24, 1989, after Attorney General Richard Thornburgh blocked the disclosure of classified information ruled relevant to the defense. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in Richmond, Va., on September 6, 1990 upheld Judge Hiltons rulings under the Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA). On October 12, 1990, the Attorney General filed a final declaration that he would not disclose the classified information. From the  Walsh Iran/Contra Report. In addition, Bush pardoned Edwin Cox Jr., whose family contributed nearly $200,000 to the Bush familys campaigns and to Republican campaign committees from 1980 to 2000, according to documents obtained by  CNN. Cox pleaded guilty to bank fraud in 1988, served six months in prison and paid $250,000 in fines. In addition, his father (Cox, Sr.) is a Bush Presidential Library trustee who contributed between $100,000 and $250,000 to the Bush Presidential Library. A complete  list of Bushs pardons  (1989-1992) President Clintons Pardons President Clintons most controversial pardon was of billionaire financier Marc Rich. His connection with the political and business elite of both parties demonstrates that the differences among those in power are less distinct than the differences between those in power and those out of power. For  example: After hiring prominent Republican lawyers during the Reagan and Bush administrations- Leonard Garment, former Nixon White House counsel, William Bradford Reynolds, once an official of the Reagan Justice Department, and Lewis Libby, now chief of staff to Vice President Richard Cheney- Rich hired a top Democratic lawyer, Jack Quinn, to give him direct access to Clinton. Quinn, former White House counsel, runs his law practice with Ed Gillespie, a key Bush adviser and former head of the GOP. In addition, Clinton pardoned Susan McDougal (Whitewater), former Housing Secretary Henry Cisneros (lied to FBI investigators about payments to his mistress) and  ex-CIA chief  John Deutch (forced out at the CIA when he contradicted White House claims that U.S. missile strikes on Iraq were effective).Review the  list of Clintons pardons  (1993-2000) President Bushs Pardons As the end of President Bushs term drew near, he had pardoned about half as many people as his prior two-term predecessors, Clinton and Ronald Reagan. Bush has issued pardons for many petty crimes committed decades in the past, ranging from possessing marijuana to moonshining. Just before Thanksgiving 2008,  President Bush pardoned 14 and commuted the sentence  of another two. This brought his pardon total to 171 and commutations total to eight. In one of the most high profile cases of his Administration, that of Scooter Libby, President Bush did not grant a pardon. He did, however, commute Libbys sentence. Another high-profile commuted sentences was that of  hip-hop musician John Forte, who was convicted in 2001 on drug smuggling charges. In Texas. Just  before Christmas, Bush pardoned Isaac Toussie who pleaded guilty in 2001 to using false documents to have mortgages insured by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and in 2002 to mail fraud, admitting that he had persuaded officials in Suffolk County to overpay for land. Bush rescinded the pardon the next day after press reports revealed that his father, Robert Toussie, recently donated $30,800 to Republicans. Bush let  stand a pardon  issued for Alan Maiss, who had contributed $1,500 to the presidents 2004 re-election campaign; he served one year of probation. In 1995, Maiss failed to report a fellow gaming executives alleged ties to organized crime. Bush had  pardoned 19  and provided clemency for one. See a  list of pardons  and  commutations  granted by President George W. Bush.

Journal 16 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Journal 16 - Assignment Example He managed to make plenty of money from handling cases of poor immigrants in New York City. He attracts clients through promises and extorts theme to bits. He believes that earning money brings more pleasure. He adds that making more makes his family happier. He observes that money produces happiness and does not take the time to address his family. Tito regrets his past behavior and treatment to his family. He wishes that he had created more time to measure up to his mistakes. On the contrary, it becomes too late to accomplish all that he wanted to share. He cannot show a decent goodbye to the family. Even though, Tito had plenty of complaints against his wife, he believed that the wife had a critical role within his life in Cuba. She was the main reason that pushed him to make more money as a way of satisfying her. He was aware that this had to be the only way of holding together the relationship. Previously, Tito lived a life of misery and difficulty. His wife came into his life while his business was successful and ran advertisements on mass media. Currently, Tito considers his wife a greedy woman who constantly asks the husband to award her money to expense. The fact that she shares no feeling for her husband, she refuses to divorce him for his riches. He has difficulties relating with Ines and Jaime. Tito’s life is limited within the confines of making profit from everyone. This has strained his relationships with his wife and children. He considers making more money through doctoring birth certificates, forging employment records, thwarting deportation, securing sponsors, generating legitimate green cards and applying for political asylums. These contrasts depict how people perceive of money as a happiness equivalent. The thought of more money amounts to equal amounts of happiness is misguided. Tito’s story shows that money does not have a direct comparison with the amount of happiness derived. Politics displays the characters’ in two

Self-reliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-reliance - Essay Example Emerson emphasizes on the need of knowing oneself and capabilities. It has been observed that a man who considers himself genius is often left-out or abandoned by the world. His norms or his customs become strange to the people. Emerson continues with the thought that society is the main influencing factor on the lives of such people who eventually comprise on their values, beliefs and customs to make the world and the society happy. A person should be allowed to live his life which he believes is good for him; anyone who creates a pattern in his life can be considered as defying his nature or his sphere of life. The lines explores that a person should not follow the pattern which is drawn for him by other people. He needs to think challenging steps to explore the beauty of life. Foolish people can only follow the norms and customs without knowing whether they are beneficial for him or not but wise men don’t do that. Wise men follow the logic and rationale behind everything. People pray without knowing the true essence and meaning of the prayers. A prayer is a form of faith that a person has on God. Emerson in his essay has stressed on the need of praying honestly and with all faith. In his essay, â€Å"self-reliance†, he has clearly stated that people pray to get their worldly desires to be fulfilled in a mean and selfish way. Prayers should be free of meanness; they should be pure and genuine. According to Emerson, our prayers are more focused on the fulfillment of our personal means at the cost of others. He states in his essay that our prayers can be exemplified â€Å"as a means to effect a private end is meanness and theft." Only by being self-reliance and determined we can pray with all our honesty. According to him our prayers should not be focused on attaining our personal goals; they should have a wider sphere of benefits for us and for the humanity. A self reliant soul would ask beyond his means from God. As a

Exploring The Issue Of Workplace Violence Social Work Essay

Exploring The Issue Of Workplace Violence Social Work Essay The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines workplace violence as violent acts directed toward persons at work or on duty. Workplace violence is any physical assault, threatening behavior, or verbal abuse occurring in the work setting. A work setting is defined as any location, either permanent or temporary, where an employee performs work-related duties. This comprises, but is not limited to, the buildings and surrounding perimeters, including the parking lots, field locations, clients homes, and traveling to and from work assignments. (Anderson, D. 2008). Workplace violence ranges mostly, from unpleasant or threatening language to homicide. Elements of workplace violence includes beatings, stabbings, suicides, shootings, rapes, psychological traumas, threats or obscene phone calls, fear, irritation of any kind, as well as being confirmed at, shouted at, or followed. Nurses are at the most risk of workplace violence among health care providers .Violence inflicted on employees may come from many sources external parties such as robbers or muggers and internal parties such as coworkers and patients.( Boldt, A., Schmidt, R. 2006) There are many risk factor of work violence which affecting in nursing in this essay will discuss type of violence and how to prevent the violence in work place. The reasons for workplace violence and stress are identified at organizational, societal and individual levels, showing complex interrelationships. The accumulation of stress and tension in demanding health occupations à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ under strain from societal problems and the pressure of health system reforms à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ contribute to emerging violence. At an individual level, health workers tend to rank the personality of patients as the leading factor generating violence, followed by the social and economic situation in the country and, well behind, work organization and working conditions. (Duxbury, J. 2009). However, when categorized into individual, societal and organizational factors, all three contributing factors appear to be of equal importance in the analysis of risks of violence and stress, with organizational factors playing a key role. Examples of violence in the workplace include the following: Verbal threats to inflict bodily harm, including vague or covert threats Attempting to cause physical harm: striking, pushing and other aggressive physical acts against another person Disorderly conduct, such as shouting, throwing or pushing objects, punching walls, and slamming doors Verbal harassment; abusive or offensive language, gestures or other discourteous conduct towards supervisors or fellow employees Making false, malicious or unfounded statements against coworkers, supervisors, or subordinates which tend to damage their reputations or undermine their authority (Contrera- L., Moreno, M. 2004). Type of violence affecting in nursing: Nursing to nursing which nurse are often the first line of victims. This act of violence can include spousal abuse and child and elderly abuse. Other to nurse which violence toward health care professional is extensive, and nurse are frequency the victims. The perpetrators can include patient. Patient families and other health care worker. Nurse to nurse who is difficult for nurses to discuss violence against other nurse.horizantal aggression is define as aggressive behavior that one registered nurse commits against another in the work place.( Duxbury, J. 2009). The aggressive behavior may be verbal. Non verbal or physical. It may be expressed directly toward another person or indirectly toward their property or work. The behavior can be expressed openly or in more subtle manner. Other type is nurse to other: violence includes patient abuse and neglect with nurse as aggressor. CATEGORIES OF WORKPLACE VIOLENCE Workplace violence has many sources. To better understand its causes and possible solutions, researchers have divided it into four categories dependent upon the type of perpetrator like person committing the violence. The four types are: violence by strangers, violence by customers or clients, violence by co-workers, and violence by someone in a personal relationship( Felblinger, D. 2008). Type I: Violence by a Stranger: In this type of workplace violence the perpetrator is a stranger and has no legitimate relationship to the organization or its employees. Typically, a crime is being committed in conjunction with the violence. The primary motive is usually robbery but it could also be shoplifting or criminal trespassing. A deadly weapon is often involved, increasing the risk of fatal injury. Type I is the most common source of worker homicide. Eighty-five percent of all workplace homicides fall into this category Workers who are at higher risk for Type I violence are those who exchange cash with customers as part of the job, work late night hours, and/or work alone. Convenience store clerks, taxi drivers, and security guards are all examples of the kinds of workers who are at increased risk for Type I workplace violence.( Gates, D., Fitzwater, E.etal. 2004) Type II: Violence by a Customer or Client: In Type II incidents, the perpetrator has a legitimate relationship with the organization by being the recipient or object of services provided by the workplace or the victim. This category includes customers, clients, patients, students, and inmates. The violence can be committed in the workplace or, as with service providers; outside the workplace but while the worker is performing a job-related function. (Hughes, H. 2008). Violence of this kind is divided into two categories. One category involves people who may be inherently violent, such as prison inmates, mental-health service recipients, or other client populations. Attacks from unwilling clients, such as prison inmates on guards or crime suspects on police officers, are examples of this type of workplace violence. The risk of violence to some workers in this category may be constant or even routine. The other category involves people who are not known to be inherently violent, but are situation ally violent. Something in the situation induces an otherwise nonviolent client or customer to become violent. Provoking situations may be those that are frustrating to the client or customer, such as denial of needed or desired services or delays in receiving such services. (Hegney, D., Tuckett, A., Parker, D., Eley, R. 2010). Service providers, including healthcare workers, schoolteachers, social workers, and bus and train operators, are among the most common targets of type II violence. A large proportion of customer/client incidents occur in the healthcare industry, in settings such as nursing homes, hospitals, or psychiatric facilities. (Woodtli, M., Breslin, E. 2006). Type III: Violence by a Co-Worker, Type III violence occurs when an employee or past employee attacks or threatens co-workers. This category includes violence by employees, supervisors, managers, and owners. In some cases, these incidents can take place after a series of increasingly hostile behaviors from the perpetrator. The motivating factor is often one, or a series of, interpersonal or work-related disputes. The perpetrator may be seeking revenge for what is perceived as unfair treatment. (Hughes, H. 2008) Type IV: Violence by Someone in a Personal Relationship, In Type IV workplace violence, the perpetrator usually has or has had a personal relationship with the intended victim and does not have a legitimate relationship with the workplace. The incident may involve a current or former spouse, lover, relative, friend, or acquaintance. The perpetrator is motivated by perceived difficulties in the relationship or by psychosocial factors that are specific to the situation and enters the workplace to harass, threaten, injure, or kill. Victims of type IV violence are devastatingly, but not exclusively, female.( Opie, T., Lenthall, S., etal 2010) This type of violence is often the spillover of domestic violence into the workplace. In some cases, a domestic violence situation can arise between individuals in the same workplace. These situations can have a substantial effect on the work environment. They can visible as high absenteeism and low productivity on the part of a worker who is enduring abuse or threats, or the sudden, prolonged absence of an employee fleeing abuse. (Woodtli, M., Breslin, E. 2006). RISK FACTORS Healthcare and social service workers face an increased risk of work-related assaults stemming from several factors. These include: The prevalence of handguns and other weapons among patients, their families, and friends The increasing use of hospitals by police and the criminal justice system for criminal holds and the care of acutely disturbed, violent individuals The increasing number of acute and chronic mentally ill patients being released from hospitals without follow-up care (these patients have the right to refuse medicine and can no longer be hospitalized involuntarily unless they pose an immediate threat to themselves or others) The availability of drugs or money at hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies, making them likely robbery targets Factors such as the unrestricted movement of the public in clinics and hospitals and long waits in emergency or clinic areas that lead to client frustration over an inability to obtain needed services promptly (Lisboa, M., de Moura, F., Reis, L. 2006). The increasing presence of gang members, drug or alcohol abusers, trauma patients, or distraught family members Low staf fing levels during times of increased activity such as mealtimes, visiting times, and when staff are transporting patients Isolated work with clients during examinations or treatment Solo work, often in remote locations, with no backup or way to get assistance like , communication devices or alarm systems, this is particularly true in high-crime settings Lack of staff training in recognizing and managing hostile and high-risk behavior as it escalates Poorly lit parking areas. (Nelson, H., Cox, D. 2004) WORKPLACE VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAM A workplace violence prevention program demonstrates an organizations concern for employee emotional and physical safety and health. The program encompasses the following elements: Management commitment and a system of accountability Employee involvement Worksite analysis Hazard prevention and control Training and education, Recordkeeping and evaluation of the program The first two elements, management commitment and employee involvement, are complementary and essential to a successful workplace violence prevention program. Management commitment provides the motivating force for dealing effectively with workplace violence. (Whitley, G., Jacobson, G., Gawrys, M. 2007). Employee involvement enables workers to develop and express their commitment to safety and health. Employee involvement should include: Understanding and complying with the workplace violence prevent program and other safety and security measures Participating in employee complaint or suggestion procedures covering safety and security concerns Reporting violent incidents promptly and accurately Participating in safety and health committees or teams that receive reports of violent incidents or security problems, make facility inspections and respond with recommendations for corrective strategies Taking part in a continuing education program that covers techniques to recognize escalating agitation, high risk behavior or criminal intent and discusses appropriate responses A key element of the workplace violence prevention program is the threat assessment team, or safety committee. (Whitley, G., Jacobson, G., Gawrys, M. 2007). The primary function of the team is to provide a thorough workplace security/hazard analysis and establish prevention strategies. An effective team will assess the organizations vulnerability to w orkplace violence, make recommendations for preventive actions, develop employee training programs in violence prevention, establish a plan for responding to acts of violence, and evaluate the overall workplace violence prevention program on a regular basis (Stanley, K. 2010). Violence in the healthcare workplace threatens the delivery of effective, quality care and violates individual rights to personal dignity and integrity. Assaults on nurses and other healthcare workers occur in all areas of practice and constitute a serious hazard. Current literature suggests that to ensure a safe and respectful workplace environment, mandatory protections must be provided such as zero-tolerance policies against violence in the workplace, as well as comprehensive prevention programs, reporting mechanisms and disciplinary policies. (Woodtli, M., Breslin, E. 2006). Under occupational health and safety laws, all health care facilities are required to have in place strategies to proactively, prevent and manage occupational violence. An occupational health and safety risk management framework, consistent with, occupational health and safety legislation, Work Safe guidelines and contemporary knowledge, will assist health care facilities, to achieve legislative compliance. (Nelson, H., Cox, D. 2004). Violence and Abuse Prevention Task Force members that A Workplace Violence Prevention Program is one step in the process of protecting nurses and other, healthcare workers from violence and abuse. Violence and Abuse Prevention Programs must be supportive, to workers and avoid blame and retaliation. Further recommends that violence aftercare. Plans identify a debriefing process that includes all workers impacted by a violent incident whether, or not they were personally involved in the incident. (Hughes, H. 2008).

The Katrina Breakdown

The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina may be remarked as a very important aspect to understand the relationship between federal, state, and local governments when it comes to major catastrophe. In Katrina’s case, federalism is seen as central to what was largely a government-created disaster. Numerous scientific articles are trying to offer various interpretations of what went wrong and why; however, out of all perspectives, I find Stephen Griffin’s argument most persuasive. Yes, I may agree with Martha Derthick that there were both success and failures in governmental responses to the disaster, but I also find this idea less persuasive because there were more failures than successful responses. I may agree with Marc Landy’s position that federalism was put to a difficult test that required effective decisions, speed and coordination, and I agree that some citizens were not cooperating with the mandatory evacuation orders and consequently were the ones to blame. However, Griffin’s examples of governmental failure show something valuable about the nature of federalism. First of all, he proves that federalism is not simply about the fact of the existence of federal and state governments. Federalism is also about localism. Despite being dependent for their legal authority on state governments, local governments have substantial legal and political authority. Prior to Katrina, federal disaster policy had been based formally on the idea that local governments knew local conditions best. However, one of the most unusual characteristics of Hurricane Katrina was how it blasted away the entire local government infrastructure in New Orleans. It challenged assumptions as to how the federal structure needed to operate, not just during a crisis, but also in preparing for crisis situations. It also removed the basis on which the National Response Plan was built. Second, the failure to respond to the disaster exposed one of the few real structural weaknesses in the U. S. Constitution – a mechanism to coordinate the work of local, state and national governments. While Washington had difficulty making long-range plans, coordinating its actions and political decisions, local, state and federal officials were debating over who was in charge. The fractured division of responsibility – Governor Blanco controlled state agencies and the National Guard, Mayor Nagin directed city workers, and the head of FEMA, Mr. Brown, served as the point man for the federal government – meant no one was in charge. For example, the evacuation was delayed unnecessarily because the federal and state governments could not communicate effectively about who was supposed to provide transportation. It meant that officials were unaware that there were thousands of people without food, water, or bare necessities. The consequences of this governmental paralysis were appalling human suffering and the humiliation of the U. S. government in the eyes of the nation and the whole world. Another part of the problem was that the scale of devastation was vast. It appeared that Katrina was beyond the capacity of the state and local governments, and it was beyond the capacity of FEMA. Federal authorities were waiting for state authorities who were supposed to combine local decisions to request resources in an emergency. However, when local governments and communications had been wiped out, state authorities did not know what to request. The extent of the crisis meant that state officials were unable to cope. In other words, when the crisis hit, different agencies could not communicate with one another due to different types of systems. When in fact, Katrina was a national problem and could only be solved by a national mandate. It seems that the federal system must be a certain way because it has always been that way – it is a system that the founding generation designed and thought was well-justified. Among other effects, this saves officials from having to fully confront their own responsibility for how the system is run. In Katrina’s case, for instance, there was no justification for allowing local and state authorities to fight for years over who was going to buy which communications system. They should have not fight over the idea of how the block grants needed to be distributed. Indeed, they would not have been able to fight at all were it not for the federal dollars they were receiving. Unless some institutional and constitutional lessons of Katrina are learnt, if another terroristic event, or a massive earthquake, or even another hurricane happens, we will get the same ill-coordinated response. We need to stop our customary thinking about what federalism is and what it requires in order to prevent another disaster. The formal structure that does carry over from the eighteenth century is misleading because it has been supplemented and subtly altered by continuous institutional change. To quote Stephen Griffin: â€Å"The federal system as it exists today is our system, not that of the founding generation. â€Å"We† – generations still alive – created it and we are continuing to change it. † In any event, if this system is ours, we are responsible for its successful operation and we can decide to change it for good and sufficient reasons.

Essay on Various Civil Rights Movements in the United States

The African-American Civil Rights Movement was started in 1955, and was lead by many great African Americans who will never be forgotten in history. Many Americans who were born in the U.S. were not 100% American but had different ethnic background which meant many of these Americans had different skin colors, different nationality and because of this they were outcasts in the U.S. Many of these ethnic groups were not outcast just because of their background many were also segregated because of their sex. Many lives have been lost in this civil war we call segregation, many children lost and send back to their foreign land, and great leaders sacrificed just to make a dream come true. One voice was heard and billions heard. The Women’s†¦show more content†¦African-Americans opened a window to a better society so then others had a chance to better themselves in this society and fight for a dream, for their rights. Another minority in the U.S was Chicano’s who was Mexican-Americans who didn’t have their civil rights or freedom. The Chicano Civil Rights Movement was also part of the 1960’s movements. Many of these Chicano’s were treated with disrespect and many were different just like the African-American society. Chicano’s are Hispanics and most of their ancestors came to the U.S illegally to escape Mexico to the â€Å"Freedom Land† which was not really free at all. Many Chicano’s couldn’t get the education they deserved in the U.S many couldn’t get the benefits many Americans have in this Society. So they fought for their civil rights just like how Martin Luther King Jr. fought for his dream a dream of a better world a world without segregation. A.I.M was better known as The American Indian Movement, a movement that was fighting for their rights, and land. This movement mainly took place in the late 60’s and 70’s in California. 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