Exploring The Issue Of Workplace Violence Social Work Essay

Exploring The Issue Of Workplace Violence Social Work Essay The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines workplace violence as violent acts directed toward persons at work or on duty. Workplace violence is any physical assault, threatening behavior, or verbal abuse occurring in the work setting. A work setting is defined as any location, either permanent or temporary, where an employee performs work-related duties. This comprises, but is not limited to, the buildings and surrounding perimeters, including the parking lots, field locations, clients homes, and traveling to and from work assignments. (Anderson, D. 2008). Workplace violence ranges mostly, from unpleasant or threatening language to homicide. Elements of workplace violence includes beatings, stabbings, suicides, shootings, rapes, psychological traumas, threats or obscene phone calls, fear, irritation of any kind, as well as being confirmed at, shouted at, or followed. Nurses are at the most risk of workplace violence among health care providers .Violence inflicted on employees may come from many sources external parties such as robbers or muggers and internal parties such as coworkers and patients.( Boldt, A., Schmidt, R. 2006) There are many risk factor of work violence which affecting in nursing in this essay will discuss type of violence and how to prevent the violence in work place. The reasons for workplace violence and stress are identified at organizational, societal and individual levels, showing complex interrelationships. The accumulation of stress and tension in demanding health occupations à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ under strain from societal problems and the pressure of health system reforms à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ contribute to emerging violence. At an individual level, health workers tend to rank the personality of patients as the leading factor generating violence, followed by the social and economic situation in the country and, well behind, work organization and working conditions. (Duxbury, J. 2009). However, when categorized into individual, societal and organizational factors, all three contributing factors appear to be of equal importance in the analysis of risks of violence and stress, with organizational factors playing a key role. Examples of violence in the workplace include the following: Verbal threats to inflict bodily harm, including vague or covert threats Attempting to cause physical harm: striking, pushing and other aggressive physical acts against another person Disorderly conduct, such as shouting, throwing or pushing objects, punching walls, and slamming doors Verbal harassment; abusive or offensive language, gestures or other discourteous conduct towards supervisors or fellow employees Making false, malicious or unfounded statements against coworkers, supervisors, or subordinates which tend to damage their reputations or undermine their authority (Contrera- L., Moreno, M. 2004). Type of violence affecting in nursing: Nursing to nursing which nurse are often the first line of victims. This act of violence can include spousal abuse and child and elderly abuse. Other to nurse which violence toward health care professional is extensive, and nurse are frequency the victims. The perpetrators can include patient. Patient families and other health care worker. Nurse to nurse who is difficult for nurses to discuss violence against other nurse.horizantal aggression is define as aggressive behavior that one registered nurse commits against another in the work place.( Duxbury, J. 2009). The aggressive behavior may be verbal. Non verbal or physical. It may be expressed directly toward another person or indirectly toward their property or work. The behavior can be expressed openly or in more subtle manner. Other type is nurse to other: violence includes patient abuse and neglect with nurse as aggressor. CATEGORIES OF WORKPLACE VIOLENCE Workplace violence has many sources. To better understand its causes and possible solutions, researchers have divided it into four categories dependent upon the type of perpetrator like person committing the violence. The four types are: violence by strangers, violence by customers or clients, violence by co-workers, and violence by someone in a personal relationship( Felblinger, D. 2008). Type I: Violence by a Stranger: In this type of workplace violence the perpetrator is a stranger and has no legitimate relationship to the organization or its employees. Typically, a crime is being committed in conjunction with the violence. The primary motive is usually robbery but it could also be shoplifting or criminal trespassing. A deadly weapon is often involved, increasing the risk of fatal injury. Type I is the most common source of worker homicide. Eighty-five percent of all workplace homicides fall into this category Workers who are at higher risk for Type I violence are those who exchange cash with customers as part of the job, work late night hours, and/or work alone. Convenience store clerks, taxi drivers, and security guards are all examples of the kinds of workers who are at increased risk for Type I workplace violence.( Gates, D., Fitzwater, E.etal. 2004) Type II: Violence by a Customer or Client: In Type II incidents, the perpetrator has a legitimate relationship with the organization by being the recipient or object of services provided by the workplace or the victim. This category includes customers, clients, patients, students, and inmates. The violence can be committed in the workplace or, as with service providers; outside the workplace but while the worker is performing a job-related function. (Hughes, H. 2008). Violence of this kind is divided into two categories. One category involves people who may be inherently violent, such as prison inmates, mental-health service recipients, or other client populations. Attacks from unwilling clients, such as prison inmates on guards or crime suspects on police officers, are examples of this type of workplace violence. The risk of violence to some workers in this category may be constant or even routine. The other category involves people who are not known to be inherently violent, but are situation ally violent. Something in the situation induces an otherwise nonviolent client or customer to become violent. Provoking situations may be those that are frustrating to the client or customer, such as denial of needed or desired services or delays in receiving such services. (Hegney, D., Tuckett, A., Parker, D., Eley, R. 2010). Service providers, including healthcare workers, schoolteachers, social workers, and bus and train operators, are among the most common targets of type II violence. A large proportion of customer/client incidents occur in the healthcare industry, in settings such as nursing homes, hospitals, or psychiatric facilities. (Woodtli, M., Breslin, E. 2006). Type III: Violence by a Co-Worker, Type III violence occurs when an employee or past employee attacks or threatens co-workers. This category includes violence by employees, supervisors, managers, and owners. In some cases, these incidents can take place after a series of increasingly hostile behaviors from the perpetrator. The motivating factor is often one, or a series of, interpersonal or work-related disputes. The perpetrator may be seeking revenge for what is perceived as unfair treatment. (Hughes, H. 2008) Type IV: Violence by Someone in a Personal Relationship, In Type IV workplace violence, the perpetrator usually has or has had a personal relationship with the intended victim and does not have a legitimate relationship with the workplace. The incident may involve a current or former spouse, lover, relative, friend, or acquaintance. The perpetrator is motivated by perceived difficulties in the relationship or by psychosocial factors that are specific to the situation and enters the workplace to harass, threaten, injure, or kill. Victims of type IV violence are devastatingly, but not exclusively, female.( Opie, T., Lenthall, S., etal 2010) This type of violence is often the spillover of domestic violence into the workplace. In some cases, a domestic violence situation can arise between individuals in the same workplace. These situations can have a substantial effect on the work environment. They can visible as high absenteeism and low productivity on the part of a worker who is enduring abuse or threats, or the sudden, prolonged absence of an employee fleeing abuse. (Woodtli, M., Breslin, E. 2006). RISK FACTORS Healthcare and social service workers face an increased risk of work-related assaults stemming from several factors. These include: The prevalence of handguns and other weapons among patients, their families, and friends The increasing use of hospitals by police and the criminal justice system for criminal holds and the care of acutely disturbed, violent individuals The increasing number of acute and chronic mentally ill patients being released from hospitals without follow-up care (these patients have the right to refuse medicine and can no longer be hospitalized involuntarily unless they pose an immediate threat to themselves or others) The availability of drugs or money at hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies, making them likely robbery targets Factors such as the unrestricted movement of the public in clinics and hospitals and long waits in emergency or clinic areas that lead to client frustration over an inability to obtain needed services promptly (Lisboa, M., de Moura, F., Reis, L. 2006). The increasing presence of gang members, drug or alcohol abusers, trauma patients, or distraught family members Low staf fing levels during times of increased activity such as mealtimes, visiting times, and when staff are transporting patients Isolated work with clients during examinations or treatment Solo work, often in remote locations, with no backup or way to get assistance like , communication devices or alarm systems, this is particularly true in high-crime settings Lack of staff training in recognizing and managing hostile and high-risk behavior as it escalates Poorly lit parking areas. (Nelson, H., Cox, D. 2004) WORKPLACE VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAM A workplace violence prevention program demonstrates an organizations concern for employee emotional and physical safety and health. The program encompasses the following elements: Management commitment and a system of accountability Employee involvement Worksite analysis Hazard prevention and control Training and education, Recordkeeping and evaluation of the program The first two elements, management commitment and employee involvement, are complementary and essential to a successful workplace violence prevention program. Management commitment provides the motivating force for dealing effectively with workplace violence. (Whitley, G., Jacobson, G., Gawrys, M. 2007). Employee involvement enables workers to develop and express their commitment to safety and health. Employee involvement should include: Understanding and complying with the workplace violence prevent program and other safety and security measures Participating in employee complaint or suggestion procedures covering safety and security concerns Reporting violent incidents promptly and accurately Participating in safety and health committees or teams that receive reports of violent incidents or security problems, make facility inspections and respond with recommendations for corrective strategies Taking part in a continuing education program that covers techniques to recognize escalating agitation, high risk behavior or criminal intent and discusses appropriate responses A key element of the workplace violence prevention program is the threat assessment team, or safety committee. (Whitley, G., Jacobson, G., Gawrys, M. 2007). The primary function of the team is to provide a thorough workplace security/hazard analysis and establish prevention strategies. An effective team will assess the organizations vulnerability to w orkplace violence, make recommendations for preventive actions, develop employee training programs in violence prevention, establish a plan for responding to acts of violence, and evaluate the overall workplace violence prevention program on a regular basis (Stanley, K. 2010). Violence in the healthcare workplace threatens the delivery of effective, quality care and violates individual rights to personal dignity and integrity. Assaults on nurses and other healthcare workers occur in all areas of practice and constitute a serious hazard. Current literature suggests that to ensure a safe and respectful workplace environment, mandatory protections must be provided such as zero-tolerance policies against violence in the workplace, as well as comprehensive prevention programs, reporting mechanisms and disciplinary policies. (Woodtli, M., Breslin, E. 2006). Under occupational health and safety laws, all health care facilities are required to have in place strategies to proactively, prevent and manage occupational violence. An occupational health and safety risk management framework, consistent with, occupational health and safety legislation, Work Safe guidelines and contemporary knowledge, will assist health care facilities, to achieve legislative compliance. (Nelson, H., Cox, D. 2004). Violence and Abuse Prevention Task Force members that A Workplace Violence Prevention Program is one step in the process of protecting nurses and other, healthcare workers from violence and abuse. Violence and Abuse Prevention Programs must be supportive, to workers and avoid blame and retaliation. Further recommends that violence aftercare. Plans identify a debriefing process that includes all workers impacted by a violent incident whether, or not they were personally involved in the incident. (Hughes, H. 2008).

The Katrina Breakdown

The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina may be remarked as a very important aspect to understand the relationship between federal, state, and local governments when it comes to major catastrophe. In Katrina’s case, federalism is seen as central to what was largely a government-created disaster. Numerous scientific articles are trying to offer various interpretations of what went wrong and why; however, out of all perspectives, I find Stephen Griffin’s argument most persuasive. Yes, I may agree with Martha Derthick that there were both success and failures in governmental responses to the disaster, but I also find this idea less persuasive because there were more failures than successful responses. I may agree with Marc Landy’s position that federalism was put to a difficult test that required effective decisions, speed and coordination, and I agree that some citizens were not cooperating with the mandatory evacuation orders and consequently were the ones to blame. However, Griffin’s examples of governmental failure show something valuable about the nature of federalism. First of all, he proves that federalism is not simply about the fact of the existence of federal and state governments. Federalism is also about localism. Despite being dependent for their legal authority on state governments, local governments have substantial legal and political authority. Prior to Katrina, federal disaster policy had been based formally on the idea that local governments knew local conditions best. However, one of the most unusual characteristics of Hurricane Katrina was how it blasted away the entire local government infrastructure in New Orleans. It challenged assumptions as to how the federal structure needed to operate, not just during a crisis, but also in preparing for crisis situations. It also removed the basis on which the National Response Plan was built. Second, the failure to respond to the disaster exposed one of the few real structural weaknesses in the U. S. Constitution – a mechanism to coordinate the work of local, state and national governments. While Washington had difficulty making long-range plans, coordinating its actions and political decisions, local, state and federal officials were debating over who was in charge. The fractured division of responsibility – Governor Blanco controlled state agencies and the National Guard, Mayor Nagin directed city workers, and the head of FEMA, Mr. Brown, served as the point man for the federal government – meant no one was in charge. For example, the evacuation was delayed unnecessarily because the federal and state governments could not communicate effectively about who was supposed to provide transportation. It meant that officials were unaware that there were thousands of people without food, water, or bare necessities. The consequences of this governmental paralysis were appalling human suffering and the humiliation of the U. S. government in the eyes of the nation and the whole world. Another part of the problem was that the scale of devastation was vast. It appeared that Katrina was beyond the capacity of the state and local governments, and it was beyond the capacity of FEMA. Federal authorities were waiting for state authorities who were supposed to combine local decisions to request resources in an emergency. However, when local governments and communications had been wiped out, state authorities did not know what to request. The extent of the crisis meant that state officials were unable to cope. In other words, when the crisis hit, different agencies could not communicate with one another due to different types of systems. When in fact, Katrina was a national problem and could only be solved by a national mandate. It seems that the federal system must be a certain way because it has always been that way – it is a system that the founding generation designed and thought was well-justified. Among other effects, this saves officials from having to fully confront their own responsibility for how the system is run. In Katrina’s case, for instance, there was no justification for allowing local and state authorities to fight for years over who was going to buy which communications system. They should have not fight over the idea of how the block grants needed to be distributed. Indeed, they would not have been able to fight at all were it not for the federal dollars they were receiving. Unless some institutional and constitutional lessons of Katrina are learnt, if another terroristic event, or a massive earthquake, or even another hurricane happens, we will get the same ill-coordinated response. We need to stop our customary thinking about what federalism is and what it requires in order to prevent another disaster. The formal structure that does carry over from the eighteenth century is misleading because it has been supplemented and subtly altered by continuous institutional change. To quote Stephen Griffin: â€Å"The federal system as it exists today is our system, not that of the founding generation. â€Å"We† – generations still alive – created it and we are continuing to change it. † In any event, if this system is ours, we are responsible for its successful operation and we can decide to change it for good and sufficient reasons.

Essay on Various Civil Rights Movements in the United States

The African-American Civil Rights Movement was started in 1955, and was lead by many great African Americans who will never be forgotten in history. Many Americans who were born in the U.S. were not 100% American but had different ethnic background which meant many of these Americans had different skin colors, different nationality and because of this they were outcasts in the U.S. Many of these ethnic groups were not outcast just because of their background many were also segregated because of their sex. Many lives have been lost in this civil war we call segregation, many children lost and send back to their foreign land, and great leaders sacrificed just to make a dream come true. One voice was heard and billions heard. The Women’s†¦show more content†¦African-Americans opened a window to a better society so then others had a chance to better themselves in this society and fight for a dream, for their rights. Another minority in the U.S was Chicano’s who was Mexican-Americans who didn’t have their civil rights or freedom. The Chicano Civil Rights Movement was also part of the 1960’s movements. Many of these Chicano’s were treated with disrespect and many were different just like the African-American society. Chicano’s are Hispanics and most of their ancestors came to the U.S illegally to escape Mexico to the â€Å"Freedom Land† which was not really free at all. Many Chicano’s couldn’t get the education they deserved in the U.S many couldn’t get the benefits many Americans have in this Society. So they fought for their civil rights just like how Martin Luther King Jr. fought for his dream a dream of a better world a world without segregation. A.I.M was better known as The American Indian Movement, a movement that was fighting for their rights, and land. This movement mainly took place in the late 60’s and 70’s in California. Many Indians from many tribes back then had lands that were founded by their ancestors and were kept in perfect conditions. Years later their land were taken from them forcibly by Americans our forefathers. Now because of the way African-Americans were able to fight for their rights and freedom and winShow MoreRelatedThe American Civil War And The Civil Rights Movement1725 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the American Civil War (1861-1865), major changes which were crucial to the establishment of African Americans in the American society took place. Before the bloody war, slaves were comprised of thirteen percent of the total population of the United States. The treatments they receive from their masters ranged from generous to abusive. The issue of slavery was becoming more and more apparent in social, economic, and most importantly political aspects of the country. In fact, even before theRead MoreThe Cold War Civil Rights Movement1660 Words   |  7 Pagesmind, their pride played a heavy factor in the determination of them reaching that goal or falling short. In many instances, the pride of many outweighed that of the main contributor and history was changed in the course of it. The Cold War Civil Rights movement is an excellent example of when pride gets the best of us and we act on it without thought.† The external struggle of two powerhouse nations led all attention to the elaborate details of those countries, while the internal struggle within thoseRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe civil rights movement was a span of time when the African Americans endeavor was to acquire their constitutional rights of which they were being deprived. A commendable bearing of the civil rights movement was the unachievable triumph that t he blacks sought after and built. 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Pe ople began to protest this oppression and decidedRead MoreEnvironmental Justice and Toxic Racism900 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Justice movement has become one of the most important topics in the media. Europeans have used Marxist philosophy on class laddering, while non-Western countries required its encouragement in the criticism of colonialism. In the United States, The Civil Rights Movement was its forerunner. The notion of â€Å"Environmental Justice†, nevertheless, has its genesis in the resistance of black culture and lower income-communities in opposition to uneven ecological trouble in the United States during theRead MoreEssay on Anne Moodys Involvement in the Civil Rights Movement1375 Words   |  6 Pagestalked extensively about the civil rights movement that she had participated in. The civil rights movement dealt with numerous issues that many people had not agreed with. Coming of Age in Mississippi gave the reader a first hand look at the efforts many people had done to gain equal rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anne Moody, like many other young people, joined the civil rights movement because they wanted to make a difference in their state. They wanted their freedom and the same rights as the white people had. ManyRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1168 Words   |  5 Pagespositive gains that have been achieved by the civil rights movement. In this speech King provided his audience with several facts on how the people have came a long way from where they began and that the civil rights movement has made a great progress in its struggle for equal treatment under the law. In King s speech, he begins by claiming that they have come a long way from where they began. As he starts to speak about the growth of the Negro community he states, Now let us notice first that we veRead MoreThe Impact of James Baldwins Writing on the Civil Rights Movement1323 Words   |  5 PagesJames Baldwin is looked upon by many as the first of the great Black writers to have had a significant impact on the Civil Rights movement. James Baldwin work was very important to the civil rights movement and he was influenced by the civil rights movement. Born in 1924, Baldwin moved to Paris, France in his early twenties and it was from there that he did most of his important writing (Boyd). Baldwin began his writing career as a novelist and his personal goal was always to attain a status as a

Comparing Chinese Imagery And Art - 1602 Words

The Neolithic Period, tracing back as early as 10,000 BC, where â€Å"evidence of pottery making appears† (Heritage East Group, 2012) as agriculture emerges. As villages and people become more settled, â€Å"discrete ceramic traditions evolve that show a distinctive Chinese approach to form, decoration, and technique, leading to the identification of more than thirty Late Neolithic cultures throughout China†(Heritage East Group, 2012). Chinese writing, lacquer, a substance that gives wood a polished finish and solidifies to form a hard and clear layer begins to be used in practise, with sculptures and pottery being produced. Additionally, animal themes, similar to the patterns used in bronze casting, like the use of the dragon can be seen, which†¦show more content†¦The Chinese people’s progression with stone and pottery developed drastically in the Qin Dynasty. The Qin Dynasty followed the Zhou Dynasty and it was during this period that the ‘Great Wall of China’ was established. The ruler ‘Qin Shihuangdi’ â€Å"is credited with building the Great Wall of China by uniting several preexisting defensive walls† (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2015). These pre-existing walls were less significant clay walls built by individually established towns near to the border. Some sources state that the wall was for defensive purposes but some also say that â€Å"the Great Wal l speaks well for a growth in the mixed soil of peace and war. It stands for some power, an unbeatable power despite all bitter conditions, known as the Great Wall Spirit among Chinese people† (Great Wall Web Site, 2015), meaning that the wall didn’t just represent defence, but it was a much more beautiful and well composed symbol of peace for the Chinese people. The wall was also a landmark for the architecture of the period. The same ruler is responsible for the creation of the ‘Terracotta Army’, its construction occurred as the ruler desired a tomb guarded by an army. The army consisted of â€Å"over 7,000 pottery soldiers, horses, chariots, and even weapons† (TravelChinaGuide, 2015). Following the Qin was the Han Dynasty occurring 206BC-AD220. Like in the previous Dynasty

Description Of The Business Model - 3289 Words

Final Project- MBA620 1. Description of the Business Model Making the decision on whether to go forward with a start-up verses purchasing a franchise can be a difficult one. Many factors have to be considered in order make the best sound decision for that individual. Thankfully, many resources have been established so that research can be found easier. â€Å"There are also many options as far as entrepreneurial ventures are concerned. One of the most common decisions entrepreneurs face is whether they should start up their own business or invest in a franchise. While both opportunities involve various amounts and types of risk they also hold the potential for individual benefits as well.† (Get Busy Media) Below is research that shows the†¦show more content†¦It ensures professional freedom with limitless potential. †¢ Low-entering costs o Owner can start small if capital is limited (Sen, Pramita) (Markovic, Marija) Disadvantages †¢ Culture shock o Owner may experience a culture shock from being gainfully employed by someone to owning their own business o Profits may be delayed †¢ High Commitment/more responsibility o Time spendShow MoreRelatedDescription Of A Business Model915 Words   |  4 PagesThe business plan: 1. Description of the business model Describing chosen business model, articulate the pros and cons of both company-operated and franchise businesses and explain why I ultimately chose one model over the other. 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Perception of Time Free Essays

string(102) " Time Travel shows that space is curved, time is relative, and time travel is theoretically possible\." We often brag about the technological and scientific developments of today’s modern society and how we benefit from these advancements. The barriers that were once created because of the diversity in culture were brought down by the modern trend of globalization. Culture is society’s main foundation that is deeply rooted in our native land. We will write a custom essay sample on Perception of Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now Culture is a broad term encompassing tradition, ways, and means of leaving, traits and values. Every individual belongs to a certain culture to which he has to fit his activity, values, and attributes. Everyone is raised within the confinements of his or her own culture and brought up by beliefs, traditions, values, and traits which conform to the standards set by the culture that has long been intact in our society. The line of conflict between humans with regards to their culture starts when what is culturally acceptable to us may not be acceptable to others. Even science that we used to think is universal and adheres to generally accepted human principles is predominated with the culture of the people from the western hemisphere (Bartholomew 36). Some behaviors that do not comply with the standards of a certain culture are often remarked as an abnormality or deviance. Thus, even though science applies universal scientific principles, it is never neutral in determining what is deviant or abnormal and what is not (Bartholomew 36). It can never really explain why some cultures do certain practices that are not culturally accepted in other countries. We used to separate behaviors and label them as normal, moral and legal. Other traits, practices and rituals that do not fit in what is accepted in our culture are recognized as otherwise. These activities reflect a person’s prevailing norms, values, and beliefs that he adheres to at a particular time and place (Bartholomew 36). The psychological aspect that is responsible for the discrepancies in people’s culture and how it affects our perception is cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is a theory of knowledge that is responsible for the person’s judgment on what is deemed as acceptable. This judgment is anchored to his or her beliefs, values, and attitudes that are shaped by the culture he or she was accustomed to (Bartholomew 37). Hence, the culture of individuals influences their perception on things around them. They view things according to their existing beliefs and values. Time is also perceived differently in many cultures. Individuals see time differently today than the people in the past used to ages ago. Through the invention of time devices, the people of modern times are able to track time by the hour, by the minute, by the second, and even by the millisecond. Thus, the people’s perception of time molds them and their minds. The ancient people were only aware of the fundamental time—the night and day. They used to determine time by making interpretation of the celestial and heavenly bodies. Through the use of these methods, humans also acquired an understanding of the future. They perceived the future in terms of contingencies of cause and effect relationship. People were able to utilize their environment to develop a perception of time. Their ancient clocks and calendars were the daily motion of the sun and moon, as well as the season changes (Falk n. ). In 1895, H. G. Wells’ book, The Time Machine, was made available for the public. Wells’ fiction novel opens to people the possibility of traveling through time. The idea seemed impossible, but well-known Albert Einstein explained that attaining the ability or means to travel to the future or to the past is not improbable (Gott 8). Einstein proposed his theory special relativity in 1905, describing the possibility of time travel base d on the description of how time is measured differently by moving and still observers. It is further strengthened by his mathematics professor Hermann Minowski, looking at time mathematically as the fourth dimension (Gott 8). With all the psychological differences explained by cultural relativism, the different perception of time in each culture and society, and the possibility to travel through time, a clear, if not precise, definition of perception of time can be attained. 2. 0 Sources Edwin A. Abbot in Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions provides an overview of a two-dimensional world and guides his readers through some of the implications of life in two dimensions. Meanwhile, Robert Bartholomew, in his article â€Å"Borderlands: Deviance, Psychiatry and Cultural Relativism,† explores the problem with cultural relativism, basically defined as the principle in which the belief of an individual is analyzed and interpreted in relation to the individual’s own culture. Ray Bradbury in â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† warns us that traveling to the past can be dangerous. Antonio Damasio, in his article â€Å"Remembering When† explains the concept of mind time. Dan Falk’s â€Å"Past, Present, Future PERCEPTIONS OF TIME THROUGH THE AGES† presents differences in perceiving time through different ages. Richard J. Gott, in his book Time Travel in Einstein’s Universe: The Physical Possibilities of Travel Through Time, discusses applications of time machine, wherein time travel is possible and how time travel can be explained in terms of physics and quantum mechanics. Dorinne K. Kondo in her article â€Å"On Being a Conceptual Anomaly† presents her experiences as a Japanese American woman. Robert Levine in A Geography of Time: The Temporal Misadventures of a Social Psychologist analyzes what it means to live beyond time or by time event. Richard E. Nisbett in his book The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently†¦ and Why confronts conjectures of well-known philosophers with a different take on human thought influenced by cultural ideologies and principles. The videotaped program Only Human presents few experiments which were created to learn various aspects of human behavior. The book How to Think About Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age by Theodore Schick, Jr. and Lewis Vaughn provides strange assertions and ideas abound in culture to illustrate the rational assessment of any claim. Finally, the videotaped program Time Travel shows that space is curved, time is relative, and time travel is theoretically possible. You read "Perception of Time" in category "Papers" 3. 0 Results People live by the underlying rules and principles in the society where they belong. They adhere to the maxims and dogmas that have long been in existence. They pattern their everyday life according to these unwritten rules that governing the society. To conform to the traditional beliefs and values is to live harmoniously with the other people. People coexist in a society that must adapt and do what is culturally accepted to avoid being ostracized by the general public. . 1 Perception As mentioned earlier, cultural relativism explains the people’s differences in perception. People’s judgment differs from one another because they pattern things according to their cultural preferences. If something fits their criteria as prescribed by their culture, then it is acceptable for th em. Standards set by culture create cultural diversity in the world. According to Richard Nisbett, Westerners and East Asians looked at things differently resulting in dissimilarities in understanding. This is due to the difference in environment, social structures, philosophies, and educational background. In addition, it was discovered that Asian thought is holistic or a functional relationship of parts and the whole. They do not much rely on formal logic or categories. In comparison to the Westerners, people from the west mostly rely on formal logic to understand their behavior. In Dorinne Kondo’s article, â€Å"On Being a Conceptual Anomaly†, she relays her experiences upon conducting a research in Japan. She was raised as an American so she had a difficult time adjusting herself on the ways of living in Japan. This is because the Japanese perceive White people as different and offensive (Kondo 524). During the course of her stay in Japan, she had to learn their traditions, values, and most of all, their practices to be able to cope up with the new environment she was in. There came a point when she saw herself differently, not as the observer on the immersion she was doing but as part of the participants in her research. There is an existing dilemma brought by cultural relativism especially in the field of mental health. Psychiatry is a branch of psychological science that deals with human behavior. Through psychiatry, we are able to find out if we have acquired any psychological disorders. Basis on the diagnoses on such behavioral disorders is human behavior only without in-depth consideration of the underlying social, cultural, and political circumstances that brought up such behavior (Bartholomew 38). Examining closely the behavior of people’s conformity to a group is discovering the power and influence of the majority in a certain society (Only Human n. p) Psychiatry can be considered as the most debatable branch of medicine. There is a necessary clarification on the term mental illness. â€Å"Illness† denotes an impairment or injury on any body’s part. People who were diagnosed with mental illness do not have any injury, but only suffering living difficulties (Bartholomew 38). Based from the ideas discussed by Nisbett and Kondo, an American may experience difficulty adapting to an environment different from his usual environment and therefore may be tagged as mentally ill by the Japanese, or it could be the other way around. This just shows that there is an existing conflict brought about by cultural relativism. Due to the diversity of culture, there is no strong fundamental basis on what is a behavioral disorder. 3. 2 Time In a world where time is considered as a necessity while many of us try to squeeze in the tasks that we have to accomplish with the little time that we have, it is fascinating, and at the same time important, to learn how time was viewed and used through the course of human civilization. Across the centuries, humans have looked and treated time differently the way their ancestors used to perceive time. At present, there is an international standard of telling time and it is universal, for every nation adheres to that standard. Due to the rotation of the earth, people experience differences in time—when it is day in the east, it is nighttime in the west. Humans have developed a biological clock or circadian rhythm based on the daily activities and lifestyle of a person. This clock is located in the hypothalamus of one’s brain. This is responsible for how a person’s body perceives time. For instance, it is nighttime in his or her biological clock if he or she feels tired and sleepy (Damasio 36). When the region of the brain that is highly important for learning and recalling new information is damaged, a major disturbance occurs in a person’s innate ability to place events in a chronological sequence. This is what happens to amnesiacs or people suffering from amnesia. They lose the ability to estimate the passage of time in different scales (Damasio 36). Amnesia is a permanent damage on the brain’s hippocampus, a part of the brain essential to memory, and the temporal lobe, a region of the brain that serves as a two-way communication with the rest of the cerebral cortex. Damage in the hippocampus hinders the creation of new memories. Patients with an impaired hippocampus are known to have anterograde amnesia. They are unable to hold factual memories for longer than one minute. On the other hand, the amnesiacs that are unable to retrieve long-term memories are diagnosed with retrograde amnesia, which is characterized by an impaired in temporal lobe (Damasio 36). Amnesiacs do not have awareness of the correct time, which makes it difficult for them to place events in the right chronological order and store new factual memories. This deficiency greatly affects their way of living and their social interaction. The idea of time travel has not escape the imaginative minds of people. In 1895, H. G. Wells published the book The Time Machine, which opened the idea of time travel to the public. The proposition seemed so impossible but the physicist Einstein attempted to explain the possibility of such phenomenon through physics (Gott 8). In 1905, Einstein developed his theory of special relativity and explained how time is measured differently by still and moving objects. Einstein’s mathematics professor Hermann Minowski expanded his theory and told that time could be treated mathematically as the universe’s fourth dimension (Gott 8). If their proposition is correct, their theory would allow humans to travel back in time or go forth to the future. However, Ray Bradbury stated the dangers of time travel to the past and the possible effects to the present once the course of history is altered. Hence, the events that happened in the past cannot be touched for it will greatly affect the current circumstances. 3. 3 Perception of Time. Time is treated also differently in every culture. The differences in perception of things could be attributed to the cultural relativism aforementioned. Awareness of time is very important to humans. Today, we are paid by the hour and our daily routines are based on time. Our early ancestors utilized everything that can be found in their environment to be able to tell time. They used the daily motions of the moon and sun. Assuming an unconventional movement of the celestial bodies resulted in certain phenomena, they were able to perceive the future through a cause-and-effect relationship (Falk n. p). For example, the Babylonians had their way of foretelling events by means of hepatoscopy, which involves sacrificing a liver. They believed that through this ritual, the gods allow them to foresee the future (Schick and Vaughn 97). Different cultures developed various methods and devices to determine time. For instance, the Romans developed the calendar, which was by Pope Gregory XIII. The perception of time could also be considered necessary in one’s cultural requirements. This is evident in the empires established in Latin America. These empires dictated how to regulate time in order to fix civil, agricultural, and religious dates. On the other hand, Muslims, maintain strict daily routine of timely prayers to keep track of time (Falk n. p). Today, we treat time as inanimate, passing in a constant rate. We are all considered as slaves of time. We can never hasten up or slow down the passage of time. However, this was not the case for the Maya, as time is organic for them. According to the Mayas, time can be stretched, shrunk, or even overpowered by human activity. In fact, many cultures perceived time as organic in nature. In these cultures, time was told through human activities and not through the constraints of a clock or a calendar (Falk n. ). 4. 0 Discussion In light of the findings provided by the sources, the existence of various traditions, beliefs, and values anchored to their culture has created a disparity in people’s perception. People act in accordance to their culture and society where they live. Behavior and action against the prevailing norms will be perceived by other people as a deviatio n or as a mental illness. This disparity in perception of right and wrong could be attributed to cultural relativism, or the difference in cultural beliefs and values. Throughout history, people have developed their perception of time. Our ancestors used conventional tools and devices to be able to tell time. Through the use of astrological components, they were able to acquire an understanding of the future events through cause-and-effect relationship by connecting a certain lunar or solar manifestation that resulted in certain events. Perception of time greatly depends on the brain’s functioning. An impairment of certain regions of the brain responsible for holding and storing memories and sequencing events in a chronological order deeply affects an individual’s perception of time. An example of this brain disorder is amnesia. Amnesiacs have an incorrect perception of time due to their ailment. The idea of time travel that seems unworkable was made theoretically possible by Einstein. In his theory of special relativity, he explained that the treating time as the universe’s fourth dimension can make time travel possible. Still, there are dangers in traveling back to the past because it may alter the course of events and the present situations. There is no universal perception of time. Time is perceived differently in various cultures. Some culture perceive it as inanimate, others treat it as organic that can be controlled by human activity. How to cite Perception of Time, Papers

Assessing Customer Perceptions Of Service -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Assessing Customer Perceptions Of Service? Answer: Introducation The report is regarding the digital marketing strategy that provides with the promotional strategy in order to manage the changes in the product. It is evident from the point of view of developing marketing strategy and allowing in managing changes that are taking place in order to manage the integrated marketing channels (Baltes, 2015). It is of core importance to develop better digital marketing strategy that will allow in generating the brand awareness. It is necessary for managing the best possible needs and allowing the possible results. It is necessary for maintaining a balance. It is evident from the point of view of developing better results that has a potential to create better platform. This is necessary for generating the most beneficial factors in order to create sensible growth. The digital marketing strategies are important for matching up with the customers expectation and allowing effective growth. It is necessary for gaining goals that are important enough for genera ting better results in order to provide with the growth (Chaffey, Smith Smith, 2013). Research methods The research method used is the Holistic marketing orientation- knowing customer gaining in 360 degree view and the Knowing Market Segmentation technique. The research is conducted through the process is to understand the secondary market requirements. The purpose is to manage the changes and organizing the most effective needs that are applicable for the attaining effectiveness. The drop and drag has a possible target market that need to attain better facilities. It is possible for attaining better facilities in order to arrange facilities in order to arrange possible factors. It is important enough for attaining better opportunities. Gather and analyse data/information about the target market The digital marketing is an important concept in order to reach the customers directly. In a wide organization this has become a necessity to match up with the market requirements. It is necessary to manage the changes in order to develop the organizational requirements. It is necessary for gaining long term sustainable needs. The digital market is important for understanding market requirements. It is necessary for developing better requirements. In order to manage the changes it is important to develop systematic changes that are organized to initiate effective market changes. It is however important for an organization to develop an effective digital marketing strategies that will allow in sustaining development. It is evident from the point of view of achieving an effective organizational growth and maintaining organizational growth. It is evident for the organization in managing the effectiveness and maintaining necessary growth. For the purpose of maintaining growth it is evide nt to generate better resources and maintaining a balance. Customer value and competitors value propositions The value proposition is designing in established organizations: Testing step-by-step ; Measure monitor ; Improve constantly ; It is therefore important enough to reconcile the changes that are taking place in the market and to evaluate the further applicable value in order to mark the beginning of an effective market plan. It is therefore important for evaluating the changes and allowing in marking the role and responsibility of the marketing department in order to signify growth. This is important enough for dealing in the promotional technique and changes that are important enough for dealing in effective market growth. It is necessary for a brand to develop a better organizational technique in order to promote the sustainable growth and development. This is necessary enough for resolving the changes and providing with the most beneficial solution. The report is based on Drag and Drop digital marketing strategy and focus on maintain a balance and applying to gain a balance in retaining growth. The necessary action behind an organization is to maintain a balance and allowing effectiveness (Weber, 2009). Th e digital marketing strategy is to attain uniqueness in achieving better growth. It is necessary for matching up with the customers expectation s and generating roles that are important enough for achieving growth. It is necessary for distributing the best results and organizing the effectiveness. It is necessary enough for managing clarity and applying the best out of the given option. This will allow in managing the result and meeting the requirements that will allow in matching the needs. It is necessary for developing better quality of information and organizing effectiveness in order to match up with the expectations. This is necessary for matching up with the customs expectation and undertaking the best and effective needs (Wang Tang, 2003). Design and communicate future value propositions for the chosen product/service The future of a brand is to manage the brand value by developing customervalue proposition in order to benefit the consumers. Customer profile ; Fit- Design; Understanding customers requirements Finding the right business model The factors are important for managing the doctors that are important enough for achieving results. Thus it is important to manage the goals and acquiring the most possible benefit. This is most probably necessary for achieving growth that is possible for attaining goals. This is possible from the point of view of generating better results. It is necessary for developing better possible results that are impotent enough for arranging results. This is necessary from the point of generating better outcome (Ryan, 2016). The digital marketing factors are important enough for matching up with the expectations. It is necessary for gaining roles the roles. It is evident to manage the roles in order to gain competency and develop better effectiveness. It is necessary for managing the roles that are important enough for gaining goals. It is necessary for maintaining a balance that is important for the purpose of generating results. It is evident from the point of view of gaining better results in order to gain growth. The purpose is clear with the amount of growth that can be seen in the current market set up. It is necessary for managing the result that can be managed in order to gain effectiveness. The digital marketing is important for a brand in order to develop specific requirements (Tiago Verssimo, 2014). This is possible only in case of developing better facilities that can gain growth. The facilities us effective from the point of viewing better growth. It is possible for generating better roles and responsibility. It is important enough for generating a growth. It is necessary for maintaining a balance. It is necessary for generating roles and responsibility. It is important for managing the changes that can arrange goals. It is important enough to manage the challenges. It is important enough in regulating the changes in order to manage the most effective requirement. It is the most important and necessary in order to organize the most effective role and respo nsibilities (Stephen, 2016). Current value analysis The current value analysis is evident from the point of view of developing better opportunities. It is necessary for designing the value in order to manage effective growth. It is evident for generating better growth. This is necessary for generating a focus .This is important for progress when arranging future substance. The current market is more or less depending upon the upcoming requirements that are important to understand the customers requirements. It is further possible to maintain a balance that is quiet evident for the purpose go generating better opportunities in order to present before the most necessary features. It is important enough from the point of view of gaining access to the market and putting forward the most effective factors. It is therefore important for the brand in order to attain growth for matching up with the expectations of the customers. As a brand it is evident to look forward to the needs and requirements and putting forward the most applicable fact ors that can be matched up with the expectations. It is necessary for meeting effectiveness in order to organize the factors and applying the most effective needs. It is necessary to match up with the expectations of customers. Possibly it is evident to look into the most important factors in order to organize requirements (Urban, 2003). For the purpose of generating better results it is evident to gain better focus. It is necessary for generating the factors in order to gain better facilities on a long run. It is possible enough to understand the most possible to match up with the expectation. It is important enough to manage the applicable resources. It is necessary for adopting the best possible way in order to Review your current strategy (Constantinides Fountain, 2008). Marketing promotion plan . The promotional plan is evident from the purpose of managing the product life-cycle. It is evident in managing various roles that the organization requires in featuring effectiveness. It is majorly required for understanding the distinguished results and promising the best role. It is important enough for featuring in the best possible outcome. This is necessary for maintaining the best possible way that is important enough for maintaining the role in order to attain benefit. It is necessary for managing the possible outcome that is necessary for maintaining goals that is relevant enough for managing the growth (Hanson Kalyanam, 2007). It is necessary for applying the best possible strategy that is important to give best possible results. It is evident from the point of view of gaining record that is effective for attaining results. It is important for marketing facilities for an organization. It is therefore required to attain significant goals that are relevant for managing the responsibility; it is effective for managing the facilities that are coordinating with the various factors. The purpose is to gain the most effective role in promoting factors. These are important enough for generating better results in promoting the best possible results (Edelman, 2010). The media and budget allocation and promotional mix elements The changes in the organization are important enough for gaining better growth that is necessary for maintaining results. It is effective from the point of view of gaining better options. It is necessary for the company to organize better features that has a potential to introduce changes. It is necessary for maintaining factors that are important for managing the changes. It is evident from the point of view of generating better opportunities that has a potential to gain effectiveness. It is important for managing the long term sustainable growth (Hofacker, 2001). The overall purpose is to manage the growth and adding up the growth in order to generate effective marketing growth. Its purpose is to generate better options that can be assessed in order to manage the factors that are evident from the point of generating effectiveness. The digital marketing platform is evident for ensuring consistent growth. For the purpose of generate better opportunities. It is necessary for maintaini ng better opportunities that will allow in managing effective growth. It is necessary for maintaining effective plan and process that can manage the changes. It is necessary for gaining changes that are taking place in order to manage growth. It is important enough for generating better growth opportunities in order to manage effectiveness the changes is important enough for generating better role and responsibility (Wertime Fenwick, 2011). Brand value analysis The digital marketing technology is evident from the point of generating better opportunities. The market is full of competition. The digital marketing strategies are important enough for generating better results. It is important for managing better roles that can influence better roles and responsibilities. The changing market scenario is evident to generate better opportunities in order to deliver sustainable market. These facilities are important enough for generating long term roles (Jobber Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). It is necessary for managing effectiveness and pursuing better facilities that can improve the goodwill. These changes are important for validating the changes. It is effective from the point of view of processing the sustainable results. It is necessary for generating the opportunities that are relevant for managing the growth. It is necessary for arranging the facilities that are important for maintaining a balance. These changes are important enough for developing t he productive results. It is effective from the point of view of generating long term roles that can be managed. The digital marketing strategy is important for managing the changes and most importantly intercessory enough for developing a prior channel that can be managed in order to synch the growth. The digital marketing channels are important from the point of generating roles. It is necessary for marking the role and responsibility that can help in arranging better growth and opportunities. This is important for managing the long term growth it is necessary for arranging the role (Karjaluoto, Mudstone Ulkuniemi, 2015). It is more the less important for the growth of generating a synchronized growth. The purpose is to maintain a systematic plan that can allow in synchronizing the growth. It is necessary for managing the possible outcome that can manage the better role and responsibilities. The digital marketing technology is important enough for generating the changes that can allow challenges the upcoming market. It is necessary for maintaining the factors that are important enough for signifying the possible outcome (Wind Mahajan, 2002). These challenges are important enough for maintaining a balance that can be useful for carrying out the challenges. It is necessary for managing the role and responsibility that can help in gaining sustainable growth. The purpose of this plan is to manage the channel in best possible way. These channels are important enough for managing the applicable channels in order to attain growth. The digital marketing purpose is to maintain the upscale growth and attaining effectiveness (Levy Gvili, 2015). These challenges are important enough for maintain a balance that can help in synching the growth. It is necessary from the point of view of generating the best opportunities that can allow in managing the changes. It is necessary for developing the growth factors that are important to maintain a balance. The digital marketin g tools are new age factors that can be used in order to gain customers attention (Chaffey Ellis-Chadwick, 2016). In order to compete others the first purpose is to find out the most effective and better facilities. These factors are important for matching up the needs and allowing better results. This is necessary for generating better factors in order to measure role and opportunities in an organization. The factors are important enough for matching up with the individual expectation and coming up with the best factors. These results are important enough for maintaining results in order to organize the factors (Bird, 2007). Competitor analysis The main competitors of the brand are the locally operating people hire for moving their stuff. There are other courier companies that are providing with a facility. These companies are giving excess discount to the customers. This is creating problem for the brand in meeting up the gaps. Discounts provided by some of the companies. Assessing your past earned media against your present objectives can enable you to get a thought of where to centre your chance. Take a gander at where your activity and leads are originating from (if that is your objective) and rank each earned media source from best to slightest viable (Miller, 2012). One can get this data from instruments like Google Investigation, or the Sources Reports in your Hub Spot programming. In this way it is possible for the brand to come up with a concrete plan and to focus on gaining market growth. This is important enough to gain effective growth. The purpose is to feature creativity and earn effective market changes. It is only possible if an individual is focused upon gaining effective market requirements (McQuade, Waitman, Zeisser Kierzkowski, 1996). Brand positioning analysis Make a rundown to the current substance, and rank everything as indicated by what has beforehand performed best in connection to resent objectives. The thought here is to make sense of what's at present working, and so forth, with the goal that you can set yourself In view of your purchaser personas, recognize any issues in the substance you have. By taking a gander at your substance review, you may find out the most appropriate way to manage the problem(Parking, 2009). In light of your discoveries and the loopholes, the purpose is to influence a substance creation to design laying out the substance that is important to enable you to hit your objectives. This ought to include: Title Arrangement Objective Limited time channels Need level (to enable choosing what will give you the most "value for your money") Conclusion To conclude, For the purpose of gaining goals it is important to manage the digital marketing strategies. These strategies are important enough for sustaining effective parameter. These are allowing better facility in order to reduce the causes of failure. It is therefore important enough for managing growth and facilitating effective purpose in order to achieve growth. These factors are important enough for signifying growth and opportunities. The changing business scenario in the recent time has developed multi-fold opportunities that have helped in gaining growth opportunities. These facilities are important enough for giving the best solution in order to overcome he different factors. These are important for the management of organizational effectiveness. It is necessary for generating better opportunities that has a potential to lead the changes according to the market. It is therefore important enough for developing goals that are important for raising the potential in order to stimulate growth. The factors pertaining to the growth are effective from the point of view of managing opportunities. In the current market it is necessary for the business to develop the facilities that are necessary for managing the factors in order to deploy changes. These changes are important enough for marketing the changes that are important enough for managing the changes. It is beneficial for maintaining the better opportunities that are relevant upon the digital marketing opportunities. 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